Hussein Hafedh Abbas, Karrar Hussein Ali, Dhargam Muhammed Ibrahem, Omar Farhan Ammar and Mariam Tariq Abd-alwahed
Typhoid fever (TF) is one of the most common infectious diseases in developing countries. Early and definitive diagnosis of the disease is not only important in relieving patients’ suffering, but also critical in avoiding fatal complications such as perforation of the intestines. It also makes possible specific treatment at an early stage, which leads to the rapid elimination of the pathogen from the chronic patient’s excreta, especially stool, become a constant source of spread of the disease. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest known human infectious diseases, primarily affects lungs and causes Pulmonary TB (PTB), also can affect intestine, meninges, bones and joints, lymph glands, skin and other tissues of the body. It’s one of the three primary diseases of poverty along with AIDS and malaria, it may cause to death ranging between 10 -15 people every year in the developing world. The results of present study after measuring the concentration levels of IFN-γ and IL-18 in serum of TF and TB patients were showed higher levels (422.624±33.824, 252.467±129.773pg/ml respectively) more than levels in serum of typhoid patients group were highly levels (137.833±23.424, 377.357 ± 106.585pg/ml respectively) than those in healthy control group. The serum IFN-γ level was elevated in TF patients compared to control group with clearly significance (P ≤ 0.01), and higher elevated in the TB patients compared to control group with higher significant (P≤ 0.01), and serum IFN-γ level was highly elevated in TB patients compared to TF patients with highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). In addition, IL- 18 level was shown higher elevated in serum of TF patients compared to control group with higher significant (P≤0.01), the serum IL-18 level in TB patients higher elevation compared to control with higher significance (P≤0.01), and serum IL-18 level was shown elevation in TF patients compared to TB patients with highly significance (P≤0.01). The present study showed significance of correlation coefficients between the maximum levels of cytokines in each patients groups including both of TB and TF compared to control group when the IFN-γ level correlated significantly with IL-18 level (P=0.014 with statistical significance P<0.05). As conclusion, Cytokines are indicators and communicates signals to ability of immune cells in human response to resist many microbial infection especially Typhoid and tuberculosis diseases.
