Perspective - (2022) Volume 8, Issue 11
Received: 31-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. IPIC-22-15218; Editor assigned: 02-Nov-2022, Pre QC No. IPIC-22-15218 (PQ); Reviewed: 16-Nov-2022, QC No. IPIC-22-15218; Revised: 21-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. IPIC-22-15218 (R); Published: 28-Nov-2022, DOI: 10.21767/2471-8157.8.11.53
In the treatment of coronary heart disease, a tube-shaped device known as a coronary stent is inserted into the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. A procedure known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) makes use of it. More than 90% of PCI procedures now involve the use of coronary stents. In an acute myocardial infarction, it has been demonstrated that stents improve survival and reduce adverse events, as well as reduce angina (chest pain). There are a few important distinctions between an artery with a stent and other angioplasty procedures.
By injecting a contrast medium through the guide catheter and observing the flow of blood through the coronary arteries downstream, the interventional cardiologist uses angiography to determine the location and size of the blockage (lesion). The thickness and hardness of the lesion known as "calcification" can be measured with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Using this information, the cardiologist decides whether or not to use a stent to treat the lesion, and if so, what kind and size. Most of the time, drug-eluting stents are sold as a set, with the collapsed stent attached to the outside of a balloon catheter. "Direct stenting" is a procedure in which a stent is inserted through a lesion and expanded outside of the United States. Normal practice in the US is to predilate the blockage prior to conveying the stent. Using a standard balloon catheter, the lesion is expanded until it reaches the vessel's original diameter for predilation. The doctor removes this catheter and inserts the balloon catheter's stent through the lesion. The balloon is expanded by the doctor, causing the metal stent to deform to its expanded size. Using IVUS as a guide, the cardiologist may "customize" the stent's fit to match the shape of the blood vessel. It is critical that the stent's framework come into direct contact with the vessel's walls to prevent complications like blood clot formation. Multiple stents may be required for extremely long lesions, resulting in what is sometimes referred to as a "full metal jacket." A catheterization clinic, or "cath lab," is where the actual procedure is carried out. Patients undergoing catheterizations are monitored for at least one night, unless complications occur. Dealing with lesions near coronary artery branches presents additional difficulties and necessitates additional procedures. To keep the artery open, coronary artery stents, typically made of metal, can be inserted there. The stent, on the other hand, triggers an immune response because it is a foreign object that is not part of the body. Neointimal hyperplasia and scar tissue (cell proliferation) may develop rapidly over the stent as a result. Additionally, there is a strong likelihood of the formation of clots at the site if the stent damages the artery wall.
Neointima development can be variable, but it can sometimes be so severe that the vessel lumen is re-occluded (restenosis), especially in smaller vessels, necessitating reintervention. As a result, the current research focuses on how stent placement reduces neointima. The use of more biocompatible materials, resorbable stents, anti-inflammatory drug-eluting stents, and other innovations have all contributed to significant advancements. Using the same approach, restenosis can be treated with a reintervention.
The author is grateful to the journal editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.
The author declared no potential conflicts of interest for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Citation: Singh C (2022) A Coronary Stent is a Tube-Shaped Device placed in the Coronary Arteries which Supply Blood to the Heart. Interv Cardiol J. 11:53.
Copyright: © 2022 Singh C. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
