Research Journal of Oncology Open Access

Cancer Chemotherapy and Beyond: Current Status, Drug Candidates, Associated Risks and Progress in Targeted Therapeutics

Amarnath Mishra^* Department of Science and Technology, Amity University, India
^*Correspondence: Amarnath Mishra, Department of Science and Technology, Amity University, India, Email:

Received: 29-May-2024, Manuscript No. IPRJO-24-21842; Editor assigned: 31-May-2024, Pre QC No. IPRJO-24-21842 (PQ); Reviewed: 14-Jun-2024, QC No. IPRJO-24-21842; Revised: 19-Jun-2024, Manuscript No. IPRJO-24-21842 (R); Published: 26-Jun-2024, DOI: 10.36648/iprjo-8.2.12

Description

Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatment modalities for cancer, employing potent drugs to target and kill rapidly dividing cells. While often associated with severe side effects, chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of cancer therapy, playing a crucial role in the management of various types of cancer. This article explores the mechanisms, applications, side effects, and recent advancements in chemotherapy. Chemotherapy refers to the use of chemical agents or drugs to treat cancer. These drugs are designed to disrupt the cancer cells’ ability to grow and multiply. Chemotherapy can be administered in several ways, including intravenously, orally, or directly into specific body cavities. The choice of administration often depends on the type of cancer, its stage, and the overall health of the patient. Chemotherapy works by targeting cells that divide rapidly, a characteristic of cancer cells. However, it also affects other fast-dividing cells in the body, leading to various side effects. By targeting the DNA or cellular processes involved in cell division, chemotherapy can effectively reduce or eliminate tumors. Chemotherapy is versatile and can be used in various treatment settings. In some cases, chemotherapy can eliminate cancer completely. This is particularly common in blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma, where chemotherapy alone may cure the disease. After surgical removal of a tumor, chemotherapy is often used as adjuvant therapy to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. This helps reduce the risk of recurrence, especially in breast and colon cancers. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy aims to shrink tumors, making them easier to remove. This is particularly beneficial for large tumors or those that are difficult to operate on. In advanced cancer cases where a cure is not possible, chemotherapy may be used to relieve symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. Palliative chemotherapy focuses on managing pain and other symptoms, potentially prolonging life. While chemotherapy can be effective, it is not without side effects. The drugs used in chemotherapy are not selective for cancer cells and can affect normal, healthy cells that also divide rapidly. Common side effects include, nausea and vomiting. These are among the most common side effects, although effective medications are available to help manage these symptoms. Many chemotherapy drugs can lead to temporary hair loss, which can be distressing for patients. Patients often experience significant fatigue, which may persist even after treatment ends. Chemotherapy can lower white blood cell counts, making patients more vulnerable to infections. Some patients experience alterations in taste or a decrease in appetite, which can lead to weight loss and nutritional challenges. Managing these side effects is crucial for maintaining quality of life during treatment, and healthcare providers often develop supportive care plans to address them. Chemotherapy remains a vital component of cancer treatment, offering hope to many patients. While it comes with challenges, ongoing research and advancements in the field are leading to more effective and personalized approaches to treatment. Understanding chemotherapy’s mechanisms, applications, and potential side effects is essential for patients and families navigating the complexities of cancer care. As the landscape of cancer treatment continues to evolve, the promise of more effective therapies is on the horizon, improving outcomes for countless individuals battling cancer.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict Of Interest

The author’s declared that they have no conflict of interest.