Perspective - (2021) Volume 7, Issue 3
Received: 07-Dec-2021 Published: 29-Dec-2021
Stem cells play a very important role in regenerative medicine research and have many potential applications. First, because of their role in development and their potential to develop into many different cell types, stem cells are important to the field of developmental biology. Developmental biologists seek to discover which genes and pathways are involved in cell differentiation (how cells develop into specific cell types such as liver, skin, or muscle cells) and how they can be manipulated to create new healthy tissues. Second, stem cells can be used for drug testing and development.
Ultimately, what interest’s patients and scientists most is the role of stem cells in cell therapy. These therapies will apply the understanding of stem cell growth, differentiation, and maintenance to generate healthy new tissue for diseases that require transplantation or replacement of damaged tissue, such as arthritis, Parkinson's disease, type-1diabetes, and coronary heart disease.
Regenerative medicine, the most recent and emerging branch of medical science, deals with the rehabilitation of specific tissues and/or organs by patients with severe injury or chronic disease, in condition in which the body's regenerative responses are inadequate. In the current context, the inability of donated tissues and organs to meet the transplant needs of the elderly and sick has prompted the search for alternatives. Stem cells have been shown to have limitless cell division potential, can be transformed into other cell types, and have recently emerged as a first-line source of regenerative medicine for the repair of cell abnormalities, tissues and organs from birth defects, diseases, and age-related effects.
Unstable human population growth threatens the survival of wildlife, through overexploitation of natural habitats and illegal killing of wildlife, leaving many species exposed to fate threatened and extinct. As for wildlife conservation, the concept of creating a frozen zoo involves conserving the genetic and genetic resources of threatened and endangered species. The zoo's collection of frozen tissue samples from live or dead animals can be DNA, sperm, eggs, embryos, gonads, skin, or any other body tissue. Conserved tissues can be reprogrammed or differentiated into other types of tissues and cells, paving the way for the preservation of endangered species and the resurrecting of life. Genital tissue from juveniles contains immature tissue that can be matured in vivo and ex vivo to produce functional gametes. Transplantation of SSCs into the testes of males of the same species can generate sperm from donor cells, which could be used for IVF-based captive breeding of wild animals.
Multipotent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is currently the most common stem cell therapy. Target cells are usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or cord blood. The procedure can be autologous (when the patient's own cells are used), heterologous (when stem cells come from a single donor) or synthetic (from an identical twin). HSCs are responsible for the generation of all functional hematopoietic lineages in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. HSC transplants address problems caused by the hematopoietic system not working properly, including diseases such as leukemia and anemia.
Increase understanding of how diseases arise. By watching stem cells develop into cells in bones, heart muscle, nerves, other organs and tissues, researchers and doctors can better understand how diseases and conditions work develop.
To create healthy cells to replace diseased cells (regenerative medicine), stem cells can be instructed to become specific cells that can be used to regenerate and repair diseased or damaged tissues in humans.
Doctors performed a stem cell transplant, also known as a bone marrow transplant. In a stem cell transplant, stem cells replace cells damaged by chemotherapy or disease or enable the donor's immune system to fight certain types of cancer and blood-related diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and multiple myeloma. These transplants use adult stem cells or cord blood.
The contribution of stem cells to modern medicine is extremely important, as they are widely used in basic research and the opportunity they provide us to develop new therapeutic strategies in clinical practice. Their characteristics make them valuable in a wide range of biological and medical science applications. In addition, stem cells can replace damaged tissues or even regenerate organs. IPSCs provide the ability to establish human disease models to improve understanding of the genetic mechanisms of human diseases and enable improved cell therapy for degenerative diseases.
New areas of research include the effectiveness of using human stem cells that have been programmed into specific cells to test new drugs. In order for new drug tests to be accurate, cells must be programmed to pick up on the properties of the type of cell the drug targets. The technique of programming cells into specific cells continues to be studied.
Citation: Liu S (2021) Clinical Application of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Insights Stem Cells Vol.7 No.3:004.
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
