Journal of Drug Abuse Open Access

Cocaine is a drug which made from the leaves of coca plant. The native of coca plant is from South America. Cocaine is additionally known as C, coke, drop, break, snow, and blow. Cocaine could be a stimulant, which increments readiness and vitality within the body.

Cocaine can be consumed in several ways. It can be smoked after being processed into a form called crack cocaine. It can be inhaled through the nose. It can be injected through vein. It can also be used via genital or rectal routes. It’s highly addictive, and the use of cocaine is illegal [1].

Cocaine is lime poison and it effects at psychological level and addictive effects primarily on performing on the brain’s system, a gaggle is the regions that regulate stress and activity. An initial, short-term effect-a buildup of the neurochemical dopamine-gives rise to euphoria and a desire to need the drug again. Researchers are seeking to understand how cocaine’s many end of the day effects produce addiction’s persistent cravings and risk of relapse [2].

Recent research studies from many scientists explaining have shown that cocaine has profound effects on dopaminergic function, primarily from its well-established primary action of blocking the reuptake of dopamine from the synaptic cleft, an action of cocaine directed at the precise dopamine transporter. It is additionally been well-established by others that cocaine so also pieces the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. In any case, later considers from our research facility have appeared that constant cocaine organization significantly disturbs the endogenous opioid framework.

Addiction can be physical, mental. The body craves for the drug means physical addiction. If the desire of the drug is strong it is known as mental addiction. Addiction to cocaine develops after trying it only a little and less times [3].

Cocaine affects the neuropath ways of brain, which feel like energetic, talkative, and euphoric due to the increase of dopamine levels and its concentration in the brain. Cocaine minimizes the desire for food and sleep. Individuals reported that cocaine helps them to think and perform tasks more quickly.

Physical effects

•   Weight loss
•   Headaches
•   Chest pain
•   Increase in heart rate
•   Cocaine Addiction Treatment

Cocaine habit could be a complex malady, with physical, mental, familial, social, and natural variables. There are a few strategies of treatment for cocaine habit which address all these components.

Behaviour treatment includes meeting goals related to stopping use of drug, and cognitive behavioural therapy. Medications like antidepressants. Alternative therapies like physical exercise, acupuncture, herbs and hypnosis [4,5].

Withdrawal of cocaine use can cause intense discomfort and this may cause a strong desire to use the drug again this initial crash is known as Withdrawal. Effects of withdrawal of drug include

• Paranoia 
• Sleep disturbances 
• Anxiety 
• Depression
• Heart arrhythmia 
• Heart attack 
• Stroke 
• Abdominal pain 
• Seizure 
• Nausea

• Psychological effects 

• Panic 
• Aggression 
• Paranoia 
• Hallucinations 
• Anxiety 
• Depression 
• Irritability 
• Impaired judgment 
• Repetitive or abnormal behaviours

Factors increases the risk of cocaine addiction

• Addiction to alcohol or drugs 
• Mental illness, such as anxiety, depression 
• Family history of drug dependence
• Agitation 
• Fatigue 
• Hostility.

References

1. Ahmadi J, Kampman KM. (2009) Predictors of treatment outcome in outpatient cocaine. Am J Addict 18: 81–86.
2. Ahmed SH. (2010) Validation crisis in animal models of drug addiction: beyond non-disordered drug use toward drug addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 35: 2–4.
3. Anton RF, Voronin KK. (2012) Naltrexone modification of drinking effects in a subacute treatment. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 36: 2–7.
4. Berridge KC. (2007) The debate over dopamine's role in reward: the case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology. 191: 91–111.
5. Brody AL. (2006) Gene variants of brain dopamine pathways and smoking-induced dopamine release in the ventral nucleus accumbens. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63: 80–81.