Journal of Aquatic Pollution and Toxicology Open Access

Human health is one of the important factors control economic development in any economy. Most important and immediate significance of environmental degradation in the world take the form of damage to human health. Health issues due to environmental changes is taken as a very important and have become integral to the assessment of development projects [1].

An adult human body contain 60%of water in total body weight. In this brain and heart 73%, lungs 83%, skin 64%, kidney 79% and bones 31%. That’s why a Safe drinking water is an essential component of human life, but pollution abuses many of our drinking water supplies. Agricultural pesticides are one of the key causes of water pollution. Industrial effluents, overflowing sewers and naturally occurring chemical substance can also contaminate our drinking water.

Source of aquatic pollution and effects

Sewage and waste water
After being used, water becomes wastewater. And it can be domestic, such as water from toilets, sinks, or showers, or from commercial, industrial or agriculture use. In some time wastewater also refers to rainwater that washes oil, grease, road salt, debris, or chemicals from the ground into waterways. Almost 80% waste water returns to the ecosystem without being treated.

Agriculture and heavy metal
An agriculture industry is one of the biggest consumers of fresh water. And the largest source of this water is rain water and agriculture causes water pollution is through rainwater. When it rains, pollutants, such as fertilizers, animal waste, and pesticides get washed from farms into waterways, contaminating the water because agriculture usually contain high amounts of phosphorous and nitrogen,(as pesticides and fertilizers) which encourage the growth of algal blooms and toxins produce by that kill the fish, seabirds, and marine mammals, as well as harming humans developmental disabilities. Heavy metals are top listed inorganic pollution with a wide range of bad effects on aquatic organisms, plants, and human.

These metals are released into the environment via different routes such as industries, mining activities, agricultural activities etc. The metal ion concentrations are also known to damage the membrane of cell, affect enzyme involved in chlorophyll production, thus reducing photosynthetic rate as well as affect plant reproduction via decrease the fertility process.

Toxic pollutants
The toxicity of any materials depends on their concentration. Other complications may be introduced by the fact that some materials (e.g. selenium) are essential components of an animal’s diet, yet in anything other than very low concentrations they may have a toxic effect [2].

Oil Pollution & Thermal
It can make drinking water unsafe to drink. A suitable amount of oil released into oceans and seas will destroy wildlife and the ecosystems that sustain them [3]. Oil spills also decrease oxygen supplies within the water environment. Thermal pollution is the increase or decrease in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human influence. A common reason of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. And it affects the life of aquatic animals

References

1. 1. Adger WN, Dessai S, Goulden M, Hulme M, Lorenzoni I, et al. (2009a) Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change? Clim Change 93: 335–354.
2. 2. Lekshmi B, Joseph SR, Jose A, Abinandan S, Shanthakumar S (2015) Studies on reduction of inorganic pollutants from wastewater by Chlorella pyrenoidosa and
       Scenedesmus abundans. Alex Eng J 54:1291-1296.
3. 3. ROBERTS A (1974) The stability of a feasible random ecosystem. Nature 251:607–608.