Journal of Neuro-Oncology and Neuroscience Open Access

Encephalitis is a Serious Condition that can be Fatal or Cause Persistent Issues

Yongbo Zhao^* Department of Neuro Science, Xidian University, China
^*Correspondence: Yongbo Zhao, Department of Neuro Science, Xidian University, China, Email:

Received: 02-Jan-2023, Manuscript No. IPJNO-23-15666; Editor assigned: 04-Jan-2023, Pre QC No. IPJNO-23-15666 (PQ); Reviewed: 18-Jan-2023, QC No. IPJNO-23-15666; Revised: 23-Jan-2023, Manuscript No. IPJNO-23-15666 (R); Published: 30-Jan-2023, DOI: 10.21767/2572-0376.23.8.005

INTRODUCTION

Brain inflammation is known as encephalitis. Viral infection, autoimmune inflammation, bacterial infection, insect bites, and other factors are among the causes. There may be no known cause at all. The most common cause of encephalitis is a virus, such as the varicella zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and shingles, or herpes simplex viruses, which cause cold sores. Even though recovery from encephalitis can take a long time and be frustrating, some people eventually recover completely. Damage to the brain leaves many people with long-term problems and never fully recover. An infection or an autoimmune response can lead to encephalitis, which is an inflammation of the brain’s active tissues. The swelling of the brain caused by the inflammation can result in headaches, stiff neck, light sensitivity, mental confusion, and seizures. Either very few signs or symptoms of the flu, like a fever or a headache, or none at all, can be present in encephalitis. The flu-like symptoms can sometimes be more severe. Additionally, severe symptoms of encephalitis include confusion, seizures, and difficulties moving or using one’s senses, such as sight or hearing.

Description

Encephalitis can be fatal in some instances. Because it is difficult to predict how encephalitis will affect each person, prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Encephalitis is a serious condition that can be fatal or cause persistent issues even in those who recover well. The majority of forms of viral encephalitis are typically more likely to affect older people and younger children. Compromised immune system, Encephalitis is more common in people who have HIV/AIDS, take immune-suppressing medications, or suffer from another condition that weakens the immune system. The symptoms, which can vary in severity and include vomiting, headache, fever, confusion, stiff neck, and altered or decreased consciousness. Seizures, hallucinations, difficulty speaking, memory issues, and hearing issues are all potential complications. Encephalitis can be brought on by bacteria, fungi, or parasites as well as viruses like the herpes simplex and rabies viruses. Autoimmune disorders and certain medications are additional causes. The reason often remains a mystery. A compromised immune system is one risk factor. Typically, symptoms serve as the foundation for a diagnosis that is supported by medical imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and blood tests. Vaccines can be used to prevent some types. Corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, and antiviral medications like acyclovir are all options for treatment. In most cases, treatment takes place in a hospital. A viral infection typically causes infectious encephalitis. Although other viruses can cause encephalitis, vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox have reduced the incidence of these diseases encephalitis.

Conclusion

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Varicella Zoster viruses, and enteroviruses, which cause gastrointestinal illness, are the most common causes of viral encephalitis. Certain viruses that are carried by ticks, mosquitoes, and other animals or insects can also cause encephalitis. Some people need to breathe artificially. Rehabilitation may be required once the immediate issue is resolved. Encephalitis killed 150,000 people worldwide, affecting 4.3 million people, according to estimates. More than 250,000 people in the United States have been diagnosed with encephalitis in the past decade alone. Although the condition can affect anyone, younger people are more likely to develop it. Encephalitis affects 10-15 people per 100,000 people each year.