Quality in Primary Care Open Access

Monkey Pox Virus is a Species of Double-Stranded DNA Virus that Causes Monkey Pox in Humans

Amrita Pritam^* Department of Health Care, University of Delhi, India
^*Correspondence: Amrita Pritam, Department of Health Care, University of Delhi, India, Email:

Received: 03-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. IPQPC-22-14842; Editor assigned: 05-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. IPQPC-22-14842 (PQ); Reviewed: 19-Oct-2022, QC No. IPQPC-22-14842; Revised: 24-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. IPQPC-22-14842 (R); Published: 31-Oct-2022, DOI: 10.36648/1479-1064.22.30.82

Description

A type of double-stranded DNA virus known as Monkeypox virus (MPV, MPXV, or hMPXV) is what causes Monkeypox in humans and other mammals. The genome is about 190 kilobytes in size. Because the Monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus, it is very similar to the viruses variola (VARV), cowpox (CPX), and vaccinia (VACV). It does not come from the variola virus, which causes smallpox, nor does it come from it. Monkeypox presents clinically similarly to smallpox, albeit with a milder rash and a lower mortality rate. By direct contact with the lesions or bodily fluids, the virus can be passed from one animal to another and humans to animals. Despite the fact that rodents make up the majority of the virus’s carriers, Monkeypox was given its name after being isolated from monkeys. Isolates from Central Africa, where strains are more virulent than those from Western Africa, have shown variation in the virus’s virulence. The virus exists in two distinct clades: Clade I, which was previously known as the Congo Basin (Central African) clade, and clade II, which was previously known as the West African clade. The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated MPV as a disease with the potential for a pandemic or epidemic as a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus and the family Poxviridae. Like other poxviruses, the Monkeypox virus has an oval shape and an outer lipoprotein membrane. The virus’s enzymes, DNA, and transcription factors are shielded by the outer membrane. The Monkeypox virus has a 200 kb genome that encodes approximately 200 proteins. It has double-stranded DNA that is linear in shape and has hairpin ends that are covalently closed; The ends of 3’ and 5’ are not free. The irons of monkey pox have large oval-shaped envelopes, similar to those of other poxviruses. Each viiron has a core that houses the genome and the enzymes that help break down the protein coat and start replication. There are 190 non-overlapping Open Reading Frames (ORFs) in the approximately 197 kilobyte (kb) Monkeypox DNA genome. The Monkeypox virus has variable inverted terminal repeats at each end of a conserved coding region. MPV, an Orthopoxvirus, replicates entirely in the cytoplasm of the cell within “factories,” which are made from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the host. These “factories” also contain the transcription and translation of the viral mRNA. The host ribosomes are used in the process of translating mRNA into structural virions.

Conclusion

Through the placenta, pregnant women can transmit the virus to their unborn child. The innate and adaptive immune systems of their hosts are evaded by pox virus mechanisms. Human fibroblast cells have been observed to undergo cytopathic changes when infected, but the host cell’s gene expression has not changed. Human fibroblast cells’ interferon was insufficient to halt viral replication. An interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor that prevents interaction with the receptor is the Monkeypox virus gene BR-209.The virus can avoid neutralization, opsonization, viral particle lysis, and phagocytosis thanks to the viral complement control protein (CCP), also known as MOPICE.

Acknowledgement

The author is grateful to the journal editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.

Conflict of Interest

The author declared no potential conflicts of interest for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.