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Keywords

Fars Province; Medicinal plants

Introduction

Herbal plants are the most important products in natural resources which directly have a positive impact on the lives of people. Many of drugs are directly or indirectly from herbal medicinal products. The importance of plants has been evident to humans since ancient times as Egyptians have been expertise from the sixteenth century BC in the extreme use of these plants [1-3].

As mentioned before, Egypt, has a long history in terms of research background in this area. From ancient times Jewish people used these plants too. India also has two very famous old books on herbs called Caraca and Susruta. China's oldest medical book is attributed to one of its emperors called Shinon who lived in 2800 BC. From 8 to 10th centuries, famous Iranian scientist Avicenna and Razi were shining in this field. In Western countries, progress in this science dates back to the early Middle Ages that continues to date and By scientists such as Constantine, Epitome Matthiol, and Dragendroff and so on has been done. In Iran, the most comprehensive investigation in this case was conducted by Ali Zargari and the result has been published in five volumes [4-7].

In Iran, with respect to special geographic locations and different climatic conditions is habitat of many varieties of medicinal plants and In the meantime, the Fars province is the most relevant So that, according to the provincial Department of Natural Resources, there are more than 1600 species of medicinal plants at Fars and more than 100 species of them are massively cultivated on 600 hectares of land in the province, Of course, the data is not about tree species and garden species. Medicinal plants export from Fars province to abroad in 2015 was 48 tons So that the province has become the first exporter of these products in the country. It should be noted that the Fars province with an area of 133000 square kilometers includes 8.1% area of the country which is located in the southern part of the country and holds three climates in which the North and North West of the province has mountains with snow and rain and the amount of rainfall is over 400 millimeters a year. Central area with mild winter and hot and dry summer is with annual precipitation of 200 to 400 millimeters. Also South and South-East holds mild winter and very hot summer with annual precipitation of 100 to 200 millimeters [7-10]. Figure 1 shows the location of Fars province in Iran.

Figure 1: Child holding unripe banana peel water.

Research Methodology

In this study, following steps were taken to conduct the research

Gathering information and data

There are a lot of resources of medicinal plants, but most of them are a reflection of people's experiences which not certain. Most of them have no formal training in this area and have just inherited and acquired these practices. Certainly will be helpful Using the information provided which the information be evaluated with scientific data that has been considered in this study. In addition, the relevant articles and books have also been used. Researches conducted by the departments of natural resources, agriculture office and the environment office of Fars province are also considered (Table 1).

Health  benefits	Effective  substance	Usable  parts	Major	Species name	Family name
			features of
			Botany
Anti diarrhea-	Tannic acid	The whole  plant	Bushy tree-Small fruit-Leaves	Rhuscoriaria	Anacardiaceae
Coagulater			change into red
			and green in
			autumn
Anti diarrhea and bleeding and	Berberine-	Root-Flower-	Spiny bushy tree-	Berberis vulgaris	Berberidaceae
gingivitis	Berbamin-	Fruit-Skin of  stem and root	Yellow flower and  wood
	PalmatinBerberobin
Anti scurvy -	Vitamins-	Root	Herbal-Leaves without trichome	Brassica napus	Cruciferae
Diuretic–  Treatment of kidney stone	Minerals		–Swollen root
Anti scurvy –	Sulforaphane	Leaf	Grass- Leaf with  trichome	Brassica oleracea	Cruciferae
Wound healing
Headache and  stuffy nose curing	Quercitin-	seed-leaf	Herbal-Narrow	Cheiranthuscheiri	Cruciferae
	QuinolineGlucoquinoline		Leaves with lots Brown  of hairs yellow flower
Wound healing-	Protein-Fat	seed	Herbal-Stem	Descurainiasophia	Cruciferae
Anti fewer and worm			Branches at  ground level
Mucus producing-	Gluconasturtin-	The whole  plant	Herbal-Fleshy leaves - Growing	Nasturtium officinale	Cruciferae
Treatment of gout and rheumatism	Phenylethyl		in clear water
Whooping cough and rheumatism	Sulforaphane	Juice-Root	Herbal-Swollen	Raphnussativus	Cruciferae
curing-Treatment of gallbladder stone			White or  rootyellow or violet  flower
Diuretic-  Laxative	Sinalbin	Seed	Herbal-Covered with trichome Yellow flower	Sinapis alba	Cruciferae
Diuretic- Anti fever and infection	Citrullin	Fruit-Seed	Yellow  Bushy flower-Fleshy fruit	Citrullus vulgaris	Cucurbitaceae
Anti worm -	Vitamin Avitamin C-	Fruit-Seed	Bushy Yellow flower	Cucumismelo	Cucurbitaceae
Diuretic	Cellulose		-Fleshy fruit
Dialysis-Diuretic-	Mucilage-Erepsin	Fruit-Seed	Bushy-Stem with rough  hairs-Big  yellow flower	Cucumissativus	Cucurbitaceae
Anti wormHygiene of skin
Sweaty-Appetizer	Protopine-	The whole  plant	Herbal-Dusty leaves- White  flower	Fumariaparviflora	Fumariaceae
	Fumoficinaline
Diuretic-	Ellagic acid-	The whole  plant	Herbal-Multi parts	Geranium robertianum	Geraniaceae
-Tonic Constipater	Geranin		Bad smell leaves-
Tonic-Digestive-	Hyperin-	Twig with  flower	Herbal-Stem	Hypericumperforatum	Hypericaceae
Pain killer- Anti	Hypericin		Featured numerous
Bile			longitudinal lines-
			Oval leaves
Anti worm - Curing Itching	Albizzin	Stem-Skin-	Tree without	Albizzialebbek	Leguminosae
Treatment of		-Root	Flower in  thornswhite , pink and  red
Asthma
Laxative-	Melezitose	Manna	Herbal-Barbed  stem	Alhagicamelorum	Leguminosae
Medications sweetener
Camphor oil  supply	Oleic acid-	Fruit	Herbal-yellow  flower	Arachishypogaea	Leguminosae
	Palmitic acid
Constipater-		Flower-Leaf-	Beautiful bushy beautiful and  tree-	Cercissiliquastrum	Leguminosae
Bronchitis Curing		Skin	purple flower
tonic-Curing	Proteoze-Vicilin	Flower-Fruit-	Herbal-Big and white flower	Faba vulgaris	Leguminosae
Fatigue- Anti paroxysm	Legumalin	Seed
Curing cough and inflammation of stomach	Glycyrrhizin-	Rhizome-Root	herbal- yellow and violet flower	Glycyrrhiziaglabra	Leguminosae
	Glycyrrhizic acid
Anti inflammation	Amidone	Seed	Herbal-White and  small flower	Lens culinaris	Leguminosae
Curing rickets	Asparagine-	Twig	Herbal-Big blue and violet flower	Medicago sativa	Leguminosae
	Leuzin-Arginin
Diuretic – Curing chest pain	Coumarin-	Twig with  flowers	Herbal-Yellow small and aromatic flower – Trichomeless fruit	Melilotusofficinalis	Leguminosae
	Melilotic acid
diabetes Curing	Arginine-Fazin	Skin-Fruit-	Herbal-Flower in  white and yellow	Phasaeolus vulgaris	Leguminosae
		Seed
Diuretic	Legumolin-	Seed	Herbal	Pisumsativum	Leguminosae
	Vicilin-Legumin
Tonic -Softener	Trigonellin-	Stem -Seed	Herbal- Single and yellow flower	Trigonellafoenum-graecum	Leguminosae
	Nicotinic acid
measles  Curing	Vicin-Legumalin-	Seed	Herbal-Violet flower	Vicia sativa	Leguminosae
and smallpox and	Legumin
inflammation
Stomach tonic	Calycanthin	Root	Bushy tree –	Chimonanthusfragrans	Magnoliaceae
			Flower herbaceous in lemon- Jar like
			fruit
Softener -Curing skin irritation	Mucilage	-Root-Flower	Herbal-Stem with trichome- Long ,	Althaeaofficinalis	Malvaceae
		Leaf	Spindle like root
Disinfectant –	Eucalyptic acid-	Leaf	Tree- firm wood	Eucalyptus globolus	Myrtaceae
Constipater-Anti fever	Eucalyptol
Disinfectant	Myrtidana-	Leaf-Fruit-	Evergreen bushy tree -Leather	Myrtuscommunis	Myrtaceae
	Tannin-Linolein	Flower	leaves-Big and white flower
Insomnia- Curing	Papaveric acid	Petal	Herbal-Leaf with trichome- Single and red flower	Papaverrhoeas	Papaveraceae
Laxative
Curing Loss of appetite and	Punicatanic acid-	Leaf-Flower-	Bushy tree-	Punicagranatum	Punicaceae
diarrhea and		Root	Rugged and firm stem-
hemorrhage and anemia			Multiple Spiny twig
Sweaty-Diuretic-	Hydrogen  cyanide	Fruit with seed	Herbal- The upper surface of the	Aquilegia vulgaris	Ranunculaceae
Anti scurvy			leaves dusty-
			Blue and purpleF flower -
Strong aperient-	Delsoline-	Seed	Herbal- Beautiful blue and white   flower	Consolidaregalis	Ranunculaceae
Skin irritative	Delcozinekaempferol
Aperient- Anti worm	Nigellone-	Seed	Herbal-Multi parts leaves-Flower in white	Nigella sativa	Ranunculaceae
	MelantinMelantigentin
Laxative	Zizyphutanic  acid-Zizynic acid	Fruit	Bushy tree  -  Small and yellow green flower	Zizyphusjujuba	Rhamnaceae
Anti bile -Diuretic	Albuminoid-	Flower-Skin-	Tree- Plain and oval leaf- Pink flower	Amygdaluscommunis	Rosaceae
-Curing cough -	Amygdolinozid	Fruit-Seed kernel
Aperient
Constipater-	Conglotinpangamic acid	- Seed Kernel-	Tree-	Armeniaca vulgaris	Rosaceae
Dialysis		Fruit	Big , white and pink flower
-Skin hygiene	Folic acid-	Fruit	Long living tree -	Cerasusarium	Rosaceae
Treatment of  kidney	Choline		Aspheric fruit
Curing Kidney and	Folic acid-	Fruit	Bushy tree-With lots of shoots-	Cerarus vulgaris	Rosaceae
.liver diseases	Choline		Aspheric fruit
Curing Shortness of breath –	Tannin-	Leaf-Rhizome-	Bushy tree-White  flower	Fragariavesca	Rosaceae
Dialysis-Curing   body	Glucoside	Fruit
hypothermia and diarrhea
Diuretic-	Phlorizin-  phloritin	Leaf-Fruit-	Bushy tree-Upper leaf with  level trichome-Big,	Malusorientalis	Rosaceae
Constipater –Anti  fever		Stem skin	white and pink  flower
Constipater-	Malic acid-	Fruit-Leaf	Spiny bushy tree-	Mespilusgermanica	Rosaceae
Curing  hemorrhage	Tannin- Citric  acid-Tartaric acid		Big flower in  white and pink
Aperient-Skin  hygiene-Anti fever	Amygdalin-	Skin--Fruit  Leaf-Flower-	Bushy tree-	Persica vulgaris	Rosaceae
	Conglotin		Narrow and long  leaf
Tonic-Curing gout  and rheumatism	Pyranose	Fruit	Tree-Big fruit	Prunussativum	Rosaceae
Constipater-	Arbutin-phlorizin	Stem-Fruit-	Bushy tree- White  and pink flower	Pyruscommunis	Rosaceae
Diuretic- Sedative		Leaf-Skin
Curing Bloody diarrhea and kidney	Tannin-Malic  acid-Citric acid	Leaf-Flower	Bushy tree-Flower  in white and pink	Rose canina	Rosaceae
inflammation–
Anti scurvy
Constipater-	Cyanine	Flower bud	Spiny bushy treered and  flower in  aromatic	Rose gallica	Rosaceae
Curing hemorrhage-Skin  hygiene
Digesting - Anti  paroxysm	Stachydrin-	Leaf-	Evergreen treearomatic and thick	Citrus bigaradia	Rutaceae
	Hesperidin	Flower_Fruit	and juicy petal
Increasing white globules-Anti	Camphen-	Fruit	Small tree-Strong root in white Spiny twig	Citrus limonum	Rutaceae
rheumatism and  asthma	LimonenGeraniol-Citral
Antiseptic - Mucus producing	Diastase-Citric  acid-Malic acid	Fruit	Small tree-White flower with weak  smell	Citrus sinensis	Rutaceae
Constipater-	Scoline-Gallic  acid	Manna-Skin	Tree-Narrow and dark green leaf Dark red branch	Tamarixgallica	Tamaricaceae
Diuretic- Appetizer
Anti nausea and  stomach ache	Limonene-	Leaf-Fruit	Herbal-White root-Small and  yellow flower	Anethumgraveolens	Umbelliferae
	Carvonphellandren
Diuretic-Anti  bloating	Apiine-Apiiose	The whole  plant	Herbal—Small   flower in white  green	Apiumgraveolens	Umbelliferae
Diuretic-Anti bloating and  paroxysm	Wax-Mucilage-	Stem-Leaf-	Herbal-White pink  flower small	Carumcarvi	Umbelliferae
	CarvonDihydrocarveol	Fruit
Diuretic– Anti bloating and paroxysm	Phellandren-	Seed	Herbal-Full of leaves in green-	Coriandromsativum	Umbelliferae
	Coriandrol		Big and white  flower
Diuretic-Skin  hygiene	Limonin	Fruit-Root	Herbal-Small  flower in  yellow	Daucuscarota	Umbelliferae
Diuretic-Sedation	Anethol-Estragolphenonephellandren	Root-Leaf-	Herbal-Aromatic -	Foeniculumvulgare	Umbelliferae
		Fruit	Yellow flower
Anti paroxysm and  ache stomach	Cadinen-Cadinol-	Plant juice	Thick  Stemyellow – Flower in	Frulagumosa	Umbelliferae
	Umbelliferon		Leaf with  trichome
Anti bloating	Butyrate	Root-Stem-	Herbal-Aromatic-	Heracleumpersicum	Umbelliferae
	Methylic-	Flower	White flower
	Butyrate ethylic-
	Acetate
Diuretic-Curing	Apiiosid-Apiiose-	Root-Stem-	Herbal-Small and  green  flower	Petroselinumcrispum	Umbelliferae
Shortness of  breath and  hepatitis	Apiine	Flower
Anti bloating	Anisic acid-	Fruit	Herbal-flower  in white Small	Pimpinellaanisum	Umbelliferae
	Methyl chavi
Softener-	Violin	Flower -Leaf-	Herbal-Heartlike Leaf-Single violet flower-Frout with  trichome	Viola odorata	Violaceae
Sweaty_Mucus  producing		Root-Seed
Tonic-Constipater-	Succilic acid-	Plant jouce-	Climber tree –	Vitisvinifera	Vitaceae
Diuretic-Anti fever  blister	Vitin-Glucolic  acid	Fruit-Leaf	Knotted stem
Sleep cousing-	HarminHarmalin-	Seed	Herbal-Full of green leaves-Big	Peganumharmala	Zygophyllaceae
Sweaty-Anti worm	Harmalol		white flower
-Tonic- Appetizer Bladder and kidney stone	ResinPolyphenol-	Fruit -Root	Herbal-Stem with  hairs	Tribulusterrestris	zygophyllaceae
exertion-  Blood  pressure reduction	Arabinose	Seed-Leaf

Table 1: Fars Province important medicinal plants.(Spermatophytes Division-Angiosperms Subdivision-Dicotyledons Class-Dialypetalaes Subclass)

Information and data evaluation

In this regard for other articles, books and academic researches there is no problem, but as mentioned before, information about people who have been working on an experimental basis in the field of medicinal plants should be evaluated and just the sort of information that is scientifically acceptable and consistent with their academic issues were used.

Extracting the desired and key data

Due to the large volume of literature on medicinal plants, at this stage, it was launched to extract key data which were useful for getting familiar with province medicinal plants and again to simplify using them, they have been tabulated.

Discussion

1. Climatic variations at Fars province has caused a wide range of plants from different families and this factor is the most important factor for changing the province to the largest exporter of medicinal plants of the country (Table 2).

Health  benefits	Effective  substance	Usable  parts	Major	Species  name	Family name
			features of
			Botany
Curing paroxysm and	Citronel-Citral	Shoot-Leaf	Herbal-Sharp tip leaf-White	Melissa  officinalis	Lobiateae
dizziness			flower
Anti bloating	Tannin-Menthol-	Flowering	Herbal-With rhizome and  stolon	Menthapiperata	Lobiateae
	Isomenthol	Leaf shoot-
- Anti bloating	Pectin-Resin-	Aerial parts  of the plant	Herbal-	Menthapulegium	Lobiateae
Disinfectant	Pulegiun		Cylindrical  appereance
Curing dizziness and	Estragol-Ocimune	Whole of  the plant	Herbal-Sharp tip leaf – White	Ocimumbasilicum	Lobiateae
nausea and			flower
cough
Anti  Diuretic bloating	Citrosol-Ursolic  acid	Aerial parts  of the plant	Herbal- stem color darker  than leaves	Satureiahortensis	Lobiateae
Dialysis-Curing	mucilage	Leaf-Root-	Herbal-Nervure	Plantago  major	Plantaginaceae
Diarrhea and  asthma		Seed	Throughout the
			leaf
Aperient	Tannin-Amidone-	Root	Herbal-Leaves aspheric at base, other leaves	Plumbagoeuropaea	Plumbaginaceae
	Plumbagin-Gallic  acid		sharp tip and
			narrow - Light   blue flower
Curing bloating and epilepsy y  and paroxysm	Tannin-Valerinic  acid-Valerin	Root-	Herbal-	Volerianaofficinalis	Volerianaceae
		Rhizome	Aromatic white pink flower-With Rhizome  plenty of roots

Table 2: Fars province important medicinal plants. (Spermatophytes Division-Angiosperms Subdivision-Dicotyledons Class-Sympetalaes Subclass)

2. The Most families of medicinal plants of Fars province are Leguminoseae- Rosaceae- Cruciferae and Umbelliferae (Table 3).

Health  benefits	Effective  substance	Usable  parts	Major	Species  name	Family name
			features of
			Botany
Curing asthma, constipation and	SpinacineNeoxanthinViolaxanthin	Leaf	Herbal-	Spinaciaoleraceae	Chenopodiaceae
rheumatism			Triangular leaf
Constipater-Anti  fever	Amino acids	Leaf-	Tree-	Elaeagnusangostifolia	Elaeagnaceae
		Dried  fruit	Small flower
Aperient	Euphorbon-	Root-	Herbal-	Euphorbia  helioscopia	Euphorbiaceae
	Euphorbic acid	Seed	Small red  flower
Curing tuberculosis and hemorrhage	Tannin-	Leaf Skin Fruit-	Tree-Aspheric female flower- hanging male   flower	Quercustourn	Fagaceae
and rickets	Galotanic acid-	Gall
	Digallic acid
Diabetes  Curing and tuberculosis –	Juglon-Citric acid-Gallic acid-	Wood Leaf -	Tree-Hanging male flower-	Juglansregia	Juglandaceae
Anti worm	Digallic acid	Fruit	Vertical female   flower
Aperient- Anti  parasite	Vitamin C-	Fruit-	Tree-Rough  leaf	Ficuscarica	Moraceae
	Betacarotene	Leaf Latex
Curing  - Laxative  chest pain	Resveratrol-	Fruit	Tree-Light  green leaf	Morus alba	Moraceae
	Tannin
Anti worm- Curing  sore throat	Gallic acid-	Fruit-	Tree-Dark  green leaf	Morusnigra	Moraceae
	Ellagic acid Anthocyanin	Skin-
		Root
Curing skin rash  and voice  hoarseness	Tannin-phenol	Skin-	Tree-White  trunk	Platanusorientalis	platanaceae
		Leaf-
		Root
Curing Gingivitis	Remicin	LeafSeed-	Herbal-Sharp tip leaf- Small   flower	Rumexacetosa	polygonaceae
		Root
Anti fever-Anti  paroxysm	Salicid-Helicin-	Skin	Tree- Silver  white leaf-	Salix alba	Salicaceae
	Salicozid		Surface of the leaf with white  hairs

Table 3 Fars province important medicinal plants. (Spermatophytes Division-Angiosperms Subdivision-Dicotyledons Class- Monochlamideaes Subclass)

3. Many medicinal plants at Fars Province like Crocus sativus- Oryza sativa- Cerasus arium, Citrus limonum are found only in certain parts and their distribution is limited (Table 4).

Health  benefits	Effective  substance	Usable  parts	Major features of  Botany	Species  name	Family name
	Narcinin-Tazenin	Bulb	White flower and aromatic- Narrow and  long leaf	Narcissus  tazetta	Amarylliaceae
Curing hepatitis- Diuretic	Coniferin- Asparaguse	Rhizome- Root	Herbal- Squamous leaf –With  rhizome	Asparagus  officinalis	Asparagaceae
Diuretic - Laxative– Wound healing	Vitamin A-E-B - Betaglucan	Bud-Seed	Herbal- Long  fruit	Avena sativa	Graminaceae
Anti fever- Diuretic-Curing Diarrhea and  nephritis	Albuminoid – Diastase-Enzyme- Amylose	Bud-Seed	Herbal- Rough and intermittent  leaf	Hordeumvulgare	Graminaceae
Curing diarrhea  and ulcers	Amidone-Niacin- Thiamin-Riboflavin	Seed	Herbal- Annual- Large and narrow  leaf	Oryza sativa	Graminaceae
Laxative- Softener	Amidone-Secalose	Bud-seed	Herbal- Rough and  wide leaf	Secalecereale	Graminaceae
Curing asthma and inflammation Anti poison	Gluten-Amidone- Cellulose	Bud-seed	H-erbal- Annual	Triticumsp	Graminaceae
Curing toothache	Crocin-Crocetin	Stigula - Style	Herbal-Hard bulb-violet flower	Crocus  sativus	Iridaceae
Diuretic- Aperient-Curing whooping cough –Anti worm	Ascorbic acid- Iridine-Irigenin	Rhizome	Herbal-With  rhizome Large , fragrant and  white flower	Iris  florentina	Iridaceae
Antiseptic- Diuretic-Curing  diabetes	Citric acid- Anthocyanin	Bulb	Herbal	Allium capa	liliaceae
Curing Indigestion, obesity and joint  pain	Hemolysin- Maltase	Bulb-Leaf	Herbal- Band  and wide leaf	Allium  porrum	liliaceae
Disinfectant- Anti worm- Decreasing  blood pressure	Allyl-Allylpropylle	Bulb	Herbal- White  flower	Allium  sativum	liliaceae
Curing cough  and chest pain	Mucilage-Glucose	Fruit	Tree-Big trunk- Big  leaf	Phonixdactylifera	Palmaceae

Table 4: Fars province important medicinal plants. (Spermatophytes Division-Angiosperms Subdivision-Monocotyledons Class)

4. Some of medicinal plants such as Peganum harmala- Punica granatum- Triticum sp. have been widely distributed and are observed in other places too (Table 5).

Health  benefits	Effective  material	Usable  parts	Major features of Botany	Species  name	Family name
Vasoconstrictor -Curing diarrhea and .bleeding	Tannin-Essence	Wood- Fruit	Tree-Very small and triangular   leaf- Smooth and red   grey trunk	Cupressussempervirens	Cupressaceae
Curing cough- Diuretic	Coniferylic acid	Seed- Bud	Tree- Fractured and red Skin trunk	Pinussilvestris	pinaceae

Table 5: Fars province important medicinal plants. (Spermatophytes Division-Gymnosperms Subdivision)

5. Development of production and utilization of medicinal plants is one of the most important ways of creating jobs for local people and it would only be possible with the cooperation of government.

6. Due to the current situation in the province, the possibility of expanding production of medicinal plants and products is more than before.

Conclusion

In this part, all results have been tabulated according to plants division and their deviations and also key and detail information of each species have presented subsequently and in the table above.

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