Journal of Childhood Obesity Open Access

Short Communication

The definition of obesity has changed over time, it is defined primarily as excess body fat; According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of obesity in adolescents is defined according to the growth reference for children and adolescents of school age (obesity is equal to two standard deviations of the body mass index for age and sex) [1]. Childhood obesity is one of the biggest public health challenges worldwide and its prevalence is increasing exponentially [1]; observing a considerable increase in developing countries, reaching up to 30% higher than in developed countries. The WHO estimates that more than 340 million children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 19 were overweight or obese in 2016, and more than 40 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese in 2018. Possibly the Children with obesity remain obese until adulthood and develop cardiovascular, metabolic, gastrointestinal diseases, etc. at an earlier age [2]. It is increasingly common for children and adolescents to have metabolic syndrome (MS) throughout the world, due to the constant increase in the prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle [3]. The metabolic syndrome could be defined as a set of physiological, biochemical, clinical and metabolic factors in the same individual, which directly increase the risk of presenting atherosclerosis and developing insulin resistance, which over time can generate hypertriglyceridemia, type diabetes mellitus 2 and mortality from all these causes. Like obesity, the likelihood of metabolic syndrome continuing into adulthood is very high. Although the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome has not been fully understood, the connection between obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation are key to its development [3,4]. The strengthening of the relationship between obesity and insulin sensitivity shows that weight gain reduces the latter while weight loss increases it; manifesting Short Note http://www.imedpub.com 2021 Vol.6 No.5:58 Abstract The definition of obesity has changed over time, it is defined primarily as excess body fat; According to the World Health Organization. Keywords: obesity, diet control© Under License of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License | this article is available in: http://childhoodobesity.imedpub.com/ itself as the appearance of the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors with weight gain [5]. The increase in lipolysis in visceral adipose tissue, together with the presence of insulin resistance in children, increases the arrival of fatty acids and the synthesis of very low-density lipoproteins to the liver. The development of MS decreases the activity of lowdensity lipoprotein lipase (VLDL) and produces a clearance of these, thus favoring the elevation of triglycerides in the blood [6]. Therefore, if the hypertriglyceridemia characteristic of MS is due to a decrease in the degradation of VLDL at the liver level, a situation that is aggravated by the ingestion of fats and central obesity; weight loss and the elimination of the intake of foods rich in fat should be a protective effect against the early onset of metabolic syndrome. In fact, with the study of metabolic syndrome in pediatrics, it has been shown that the modification in healthy lifestyles (diet and exercise) lead to the elimination of risk factors for the appearance of SD and improves insulin sensitivity [5, 6]. Finally, highlighting that in children there are weight variations marked by the growth and hormonal development process, early intervention in the face of the risk of suffering from obesity or presenting factors that allow the development of metabolic syndrome, can result in an improvement of the metabolic phenotype, being the pillars of intervention for its prevention dietary modifications, physical activity and family therapyhabits.

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