Interventional Cardiology Journal Open Access

Cardiovascular diseases are the one of the leading public health problem and in some severe cases it leads to cause death also. Cardio-vascular disease plays a major role in the initiation of progression of the cardiovascular diseases. The fundamental issue has been the timing of the development of cardiovascular regions. Several cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and physical inactivity show retention tendency from child’s age and adolescence to adult age, while affiliated risk factors significantly accelerate atherosclerosis process. Irreversible atherosclerosis changes happen only at in mature age therefore control of atherosclerosis in childhood is of unusual significance. The clinical characteristics of childhood onset renal insufficiency is very different from the of adult onset diseases therefore risk factors and markers for cardiovascular diseases in children and Young adults who are living with a kidney transplant need to be assessed. At-risk lowest populations include patients with congenital heart disease and Kawasaki disease without detected coronary involvement and cancer treatment survivors.

Children with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease or significant hyper-cholesterolemia should be scanned for familial hyper- cholesterolemia using a fasting lipid profile beginning at 2 years of age and then every 4-6 years through adulthood even if previous profiles are within normal ranges. Treatment for heterozygous familial hyperlipidaemia should include statins, low saturated fat diet high in fibre, frequent daily exercises and a smoke-free environment. Having a body mass index outside the normal range significantly worsens risk parameters for cardiovascular disease in school aged children. This effect already considerable in overweight children, increases in obesity and could be larger than previously thought.