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The bioliq project aims at the large scale production of syntheticbiofuels from biomass (BTL, biomass to liquids). The bioliq process concept has been designed to overcome the problems met, when low grade, residual biomass are to be used to a large extent as required in a BTL process. Biomass such as straw, hay, residual wood etc. usually exhibit low energetic densities, thus limiting collection area and transportation distances. On the other hand, the production of synthetic fuels requires large scale production facilities in accordance with economy of scale considerations. In the bioliq process, biomass is pre-treated in regionally distributed fast pyrolysis plants for energy densification. The products, pyrolysis char and liquid condensates, are mixed to form stable, transportable and pumpable slurries also referred as to biosyncrude. Thus biomass is energetically concentrated allowing for economic transport also over long distances. In industrial plants of reasonable size, the biosyncrude would be gasified in an entrained flow gasifier at a pressure slightly above that of the following fuel synthesis. On site of KIT, a pilot plant was constructed and commissioned for process demonstration, to obtain reliable mass and energy balances, for gaining practical experience, and to allow for reasonable cost estimates. The fast pyrolysis plant has a biomass feed capacity of 500 kg/h (2 MW(th)). A twin-screw reactor, equipped with a pneumatic heat carrier loop with sand as the heat carrier medium is the main technical feature of the plant. The high pressure entrained flow gasifier of 5 MW(th) thermal fuel capacity is an oxygen blown slagging reactor equipped with an internal cooling screen, particularly suited for the conversion of ash rich feeds and fast start up and shut down procedures. The raw synthesis gas is purified and conditioned by a high pressure hot gas cleaning system, consisting of a hot gas filter with ceramic filter elements, a fixed bed adsorption for HCl and H2S removal and a catalytic converter for decomposition of nitrogen and sulfur containing trace compounds. Afterwards, CO2 is separated. The purified synthesis gas is then converted to dimethyl ether in a one-step synthesis process, which in a subsequently following reaction is converted into fully compatible gasoline. Now, the pilot plant construction is completed and first operation took place by commissioning the whole process chain. The process development is embedded into a coherent R&D framework, allowing operation and further development on a science based basis. The pilot plant will be used as a research platform and offers many opportunities for collaborative work and joint projects with additional partners. The bioliq pilot plant is constructed and operated in cooperation with partners from chemical engineering and plant construction industries. Financial support was provided by the Germany Ministry of Agriculture and Food (BMEL), the state Baden-Württemberg and the European Community

Transformation of biomass to vitality is embraced utilizing three primary procedure advancements: bio-compound. ... Inside thermo-synthetic transformation, the four fundamental procedure alternatives are ignition, pyrolysis, gasification, and liquefaction Biomass can be utilized to make warmth, power, or consolidated warmth and force (CHP). On the off chance that there are applications for both the warmth and force yields, a CHP framework can arrive at a lot higher in general efficiencies (up to 80%) than power creation alone and is ostensibly the most practical utilization of biomass (ENVINT Consulting 2010). CHP frameworks yield more warmth than power, anyway the extent and grade of the warmth for is subordinate upon the transformation innovation chose. To change over biomass into helpful vitality, the biomass should first be combusted, either by direct burning or gasificationcombustion1. Direct ignition includes combusting the biomass in a kettle that disintegrates steam or another working liquid. The working liquid would then be able to be utilized for warming purposes, or on the other hand can create power in a turbine or steam motor. Steam turbines that work on the thermodynamic Rankine cycle are the most widely recognized strategy for power age from biomass, anyway they are progressively reasonable for enormous scope applications and experience a drop in effectiveness when utilized for applications under 10 MW (ENVINT Consulting 2010). Steam motors are commonly viewed as proper for power age under 1 MW. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbine is another option power creation cycle that is more qualified to applications under 5 MW (ENVINT Consulting 2010). An ORC turbine works a lot of like a steam turbine, anyway similarly low temperatures result from the utilization of a natural liquid in spot of steam (70C to 300C) (Envirolink Northwest, North Vitality Associates Limited. n.d.). ORC turbines canconcoction, thermo-synthetic, and physio-

regularly be worked without a confirmed steam administrator, making them increasingly perfect for use in distant networks. Gasification-burning is a further developed strategy for burning where the biomass is first changed over to a syngas by limiting the measure of oxygen accessible and thermally decaying the biomass. The syngas can at that point be combusted legitimately to disintegrate a working liquid, or combusted in an inward ignition motor (ICE) to produce power The creation of manufactured fills from biomass through Fischer–Tropsch (FT), also called the biomass-to-fluids (BTL) process, comprises one of the most encouraging courses for tomorrow's energizes. In this section, essential themes, just as current advances in the creation of FT biofuels, are examined. Beginning with a short conversation on biomass gasification and syngas molding, the principle kinds of FT reactors and impetuses, alongside the various advances for overhauling FT fluids to premium energizes are completely examined. The natural and monetary contemplations of the BTL procedure are then introduced dependent on ongoing techno-financial and lifecycle investigation considers. In this second release of the part an intensive update on the commercialization status of the BTL procedure has been performed, introducing the latest headways and the status of the diverse showing ventures in Europe and the US. The part closes with a conversation on the preferences and constraints of this procedure and its standpoint later on fills showcase.

Consolidating a parting based force source in a multi-yield framework (power and procedure heat) can offer critical points of interest over carbon-based creation sources, for example, coal or flammable gas, including decreased climatic waste streams (for example carbon or different vaporous emanations) and decreased effect on natural assets (land utilization or change, perpetual withdrawals of new water, warm discharges, and so on.). In a coordinated multi-yield framework, warm vitality from the atomic subsystem can be redirected to mechanical applications in the midst of low power request from the network or during times of high sustainable power source contribution to power age. High-temperature, great warmth from cutting edge reactor ideas may be utilized for high-temperature mechanical procedures, for example, hydrogen creation or manufactured energizes creation. Low-temperature heat from either progressed or light-water reactor frameworks could be applied to region warming, desalination procedures, or low-temperature biomass pretreatment and ethanol creation. Subcritical steam can likewise be superheated through procedure heat recovery, concoction heat siphons, or garnish heat before being coordinated toward a given high-temperature heat application.

For the current conversation, a dynamic NHES portrays an incorporated vitality complex made out of at least one atomic reactors coupled to inexhaustible force age sources (wind, sun based, geothermal, and so forth.), and conceivably connected to the creation of at least one synthetic substances, fills, or product fabricating plants. Different trades between warm, electrical, mechanical, and substance vitality could make it conceivable to create, store, and convey the most noteworthy worth items to the market at the ideal time. Hydrogen, for instance, can be produced by irregular warm/electrical yield of a force plant as opposed to decreasing evaporator yield during times of diminished force request on the matrix

Biography

Nicolaus Dahmen studied chemistry at the University of Bochum, finishing his PhD in high pressure thermodynamics in 1992. He started his professional work on application of high pressure to chemical reactions and separation processes as a group leader and, since 2000, as Head of division at the Research Centre Karlsruhe, which in 2010 merged into the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) together with the University of Karlsruhe. In 2005, he became project manager of the bioliq project, in which a large scale pilot plant was installed at KIT for synthetic fuels and chemicals production. Shortly after, he also took over the “Thermochemical biomass refining” division in the Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) and, after his habilitation on fundamentals for process developments with supercritical fluids, became a lecturer on physical and technical chemistry at the University of Heidelberg in 2010. After commissioning the pilot plant in 2014 he now is responsible for the bioliq R&D program.