Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Journal Open Access

The Study of Chemical and Physical Structure Of Biological Macromolecules

Paulo Coelho^* Department of Biochemistry, University of Paulo, Brazil
^*Correspondence: Paulo Coelho, Department of Biochemistry, University of Paulo, Brazil, Email:

Received: 30-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. IPBMBJ-23-15404; Editor assigned: 02-Dec-2022, Pre QC No. IPBMBJ-23-15404 (PQ); Reviewed: 16-Dec-2022, QC No. IPBMBJ-23-15404; Revised: 21-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. IPBMBJ-23-15404 (R); Published: 28-Dec-2022, DOI: 10.36648/2471-8084-8.12.108

Introduction

The field of biology known as molecular biology studies bimolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions in order to comprehend the molecular basis of biological activity within and between cells. Molecular biology is the study of the chemical and physical structure of biological macromolecules. In the beginning, the term “molecular biology” was used to describe a method that looked at the fundamentals of biological phenomena, such as figuring out how biological molecules interact with one another and their structures, and how these interactions helped to explain observations from classical biology. In 1945, physicist William Astbury used the term “molecular biology.” A double helix model of DNA was created in 1953 by Francis Crick, James Watson, Rosalind Franklin, and colleagues at the Medical Research Council unit’s Cavendish laboratory in Cambridge, which is now the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. This discovery revolutionized the entire research landscape. Based on previous research by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, they proposed the DNA structure.

Description

This examination then lead to tracking down DNA material in different microorganisms, plants and creatures. The study of biological molecules and their interactions is only one aspect of molecular biology; rather, it is also a collection of methods that scientists have used to learn about molecular processes since the field’s inception. In this manner, it has complemented and enhanced biochemistry and genetics, which were earlier methods for comprehending nature. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which was developed in 1983, is one notable method that has revolutionized the field. PCR is a reaction that amplifies small quantities of DNA and is utilized in numerous applications across scientific fields. The process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein, is the central dogma of molecular biology. In addition, understanding the structures, functions, and internal controls of individual cells is crucial to the effective targeting of new drugs, the diagnosis of disease, and a deeper comprehension of cell physiology. Gene therapy covers some clinical research and medical treatments based on molecular biology, but molecular medicine is now the practice of using molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine. Biochemistry and genetics are intertwined in molecular biology; in the 20th century, it became clear that these two scientific fields were interested in figuring out the molecular mechanisms that underlie essential cellular functions. New technologies and their optimization have been closely linked to advancements in molecular biology. The history of molecular biology is dependent on an understanding of these researchers and their experiments because many scientists have contributed to its understanding. An attempt to comprehend the molecular mechanisms of genetic inheritance and the structure of a gene led to the development of the field of genetics. In 1866, Gregor Mendel was a pioneer in this field when he wrote the first laws of genetic inheritance on the basis of his research on mating crosses in pea plants.

Conclusion

The law of segregation, which states that diploid individuals with two alleles for a particular gene will pass one of these alleles to their offspring, is one such law of genetic inheritance. He first proposed a structure called nuclein, which is now known as deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. He found this exceptional substance by concentrating on the parts of discharge filled wraps, and taking note of the remarkable properties of the “phosphorus-containing substances.”

Acknowledgement

The author is grateful to the journal editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.

Conflict of Interest

The author declared no potential conflicts of interest for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.