Journal of Neuro-Oncology and Neuroscience Open Access

Description

There are many nervous system disorders that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Acute Spinal Cord Injury (ASCI), alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, bell’s palsy, brain tumours, cerebral aneurysm, epilepsy and seizures, guillain-barré syndrome, head injury, hydrocephalus, muscular dystrophy, parkinson’s disease, stroke (brain attack), migraine headaches, encephalitis, myasthenia Gravis, etc. are some of the neurological disorders. The following are a few of them, with brief descriptions.

Acute spinal cord injury

The vertebrae are a group of bones from which the spine made. The spinal cord passes through a canal in the core of these bones on its way down. It is a bundle of nerves that transmits movement and sensory impulses from the brain to the rest of the body. Acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord is bruised, partially tears, or totally tears as a result of a violent event. In both children and adults, SCI is a prevalent cause of irreversible disability and death. SCI can be caused by a variety of factors. When the area of the spine or neck is bent or crushed, due to falls, accidents, sports-related injuries, diving accidents, terrorism (gunshot or stab wounds), brain traumas, or else infections that produce an abscess on the spinal cord then the most common injuries occur. The majority of patients who suffer from SCIs are men. SCI is more common in non-Hispanic whites than in any other ethnic group. Acute SCI symptoms might vary greatly basing upon the area of the body which is being affected and the severity of symptoms depends on the location of injury on the spinal cord. The spine may be in shock right after a spinal cord injury. This results in a loss or reduction of sensation, musclem ovement, and reflexes. However, depending on the location of the injury, other symptoms may arise as the swelling subsides. In general, the higher up the level of the injury is to the spinal cord, the more severe the symptoms. The respiratory muscles and ability to breathe are affected by injuries to the neck, the first and second vertebrae in the spinal column (C1, C2), or the mid-cervical vertebrae (C3, C4, and C5). Lower lumbar vertebrae injuries may affect bladder, bowel, and leg nerve and muscle control, as well as sexual function. Quadriplegia is the loss of one's ability to move and paraplegia is loss of function in the legs and lower body.

Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disorders are the most common type of dementia, affecting 5.2 million Americans over the age of 65, as well as hundreds of thousands of people younger than 65 who have early-onset Alzheimer's. Nearly two-thirds of alzheimer's patients in the United States are women. Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed by eliminating out other disorders that have similar symptoms, allowing for a 95 per cent accurate diagnosis. Unlike other types of dementia, alzheimer's does not damage a patient's motor function until late in the disease's progression.

Head Injury

Adults suffer from head traumas, which are one of the most common causes of disability and mortality. A concussion, deep cut or open wound, broken skull bone(s), or internal bleeding and brain damage might be as minor as a bump, bruise (contusion), or cut on the head, or as serious as a concussion, deep cut or open wound, fractured skull bone(s), or internal bleeding and brain damage. A head injury is a general term that encompasses a wide range of lesions to the scalp, skull, brain, and underlying tissue and blood vessels in the head. Depending on the severity of the head trauma, head injuries are also referred to as brain injury or Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). TBIs are on the rise, with an estimated 1.7 million people suffering from one each year. Millions of people in the United States have suffered a head injury and now require assistance with daily activities, costing the government more than $56 billion per year.