Clinical Pediatric Dermatology Open Access

Understanding Hemangioma Infantile: A Comprehensive Pediatric Guide

Xiaoxi Lin^* Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Shanghai, China
^*Correspondence: Xiaoxi Lin, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Shanghai, China, Email:

Received: 01-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. IPCPDR-23-16504; Editor assigned: 03-Mar-2023, Pre QC No. IPCPDR-23-16504 (PQ); Reviewed: 17-Mar-2023, QC No. IPCPDR-23-16504; Revised: 22-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. IPCPDR-23-16504 (R); Published: 29-Mar-2023, DOI: 10.36648/2472-0143.9.1.06

Description

Hemangioma infantile, also known as infantile hemangioma, is a common vascular birthmark that appears in infants during the first few weeks or months of life. While the majority of hemangiomas do not cause any complications and resolve on their own, it is crucial for parents and caregivers to understand the condition and its potential implications. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of hemangioma infantile, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and long-term outcomes. Hemangioma infantile is a non-cancerous tumor composed of blood vessels that forms shortly after birth. It is estimated that approximately 4%-5% of infants develop hemangiomas, making it one of the most common types of birthmarks. These growths can occur anywhere on the body, but they are most commonly found on the head, face, and neck. The exact cause of hemangioma infantile is not yet fully understood. Some potential risk factors include premature birth, female gender, low birth weight, and a family history of hemangiomas. Hemangiomas can vary in size, shape, and color. There are two primary types of hemangioma infantile: superficial and deep. Superficial Hemangiomas: These hemangiomas are located in the top layers of the skin, appearing as bright red or purplish raised patches. They are often characterized by a strawberry-like appearance. Deep Hemangiomas: Deep hemangiomas are situated below the skin’s surface and may not be visible initially. Over time, they may become noticeable as a bluish swelling. Hemangioma infantile typically does not cause any symptoms other than the visible birthmark. However, certain circumstances may lead to complications, including: Ulceration: Hemangiomas can break down, forming open sores that can be painful and prone to infection. Functional Impairment: If a hemangioma grows in a critical area, such as near the eyes, nose, or mouth, it may interfere with vital functions like breathing, feeding, or vision. Psychosocial Impact: Large or disfiguring hemangiomas can cause emotional distress, affecting the child’s self-esteem and psychological well-being. In most cases, a healthcare professional can diagnose hemangioma infantile by performing a physical examination. However, further tests such as ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), or biopsy may be necessary if the hemangioma is deep or potentially affecting nearby structures. The treatment approach for hemangioma infantile varies depending on the size, location, and potential complications associated with the birthmark. In many cases, a “wait-and-see” approach is adopted, as the majority of hemangiomas will gradually shrink and disappear without intervention. However, several treatment options are available when intervention is deemed necessary: Medications: Oral medications like propranolol or corticosteroids may be prescribed to help shrink the hemangioma or reduce symptoms. Laser Therapy: Laser treatment can be used to target and destroy the blood vessels within the hemangioma, gradually reducing its size and appearance. Surgical Excision: In certain cases, surgical removal of the hemangioma may be recommended, particularly if it poses a significant risk or impairs essential functions. Most hemangiomas follow a predictable pattern known as the growth and involution phase. They undergo a period of rapid growth during the first year of life, followed by a spontaneous regression phase that can last several years. By the age of five, the majority of hemangiomas have resolved completely. However, some hemangiomas may leave behind residual scarring or skin discoloration. Caring for a child with a hemangioma can be challenging, both physically and emotionally.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

Author declares that there is no conflict of interest.