Diversity and Equality in Health and Care welcomes papers for the following categories. All papera
Diversity and Equality in Health and Care welcomes papers for the following categories. All papers are peer reviewed. Send papers to: manuscripts@primescholars.com or Online Submission System.
Diversity and Equality in Health and Care peer reviewed international journal with a 16 years record of excellence in publication. The journal embraces topics such as Community Health Nursing,Global Health Fields, Public Health, Health-related Quality of Life, Hispanic Health, National Health Care, Health Library, Health Social Science, Physical Health, Healthcare Informatics, Maternal and Infant Health, Healthcare Information Systems, Determinants of Health, Health Care Use, Population Health Outcomes, Cultural Epidemiology, Mental Health, Female foeticide, Public Health Nursing, Midwifery, Racism, Gender biasing, Nurse practitioners etc.
The journal brings together perspectives from diverse fields to provide a unique platform for sharing good practice and promoting innovative improvements in health and care provision. The journal operates a timely, author-centred review process which is normally completed in eight weeks. Authors are then notified of any modifications requestedAuthors are welcomed to submit their articles related to Health Care Services, Nursing Perspective, Gender diversity, Human Trafficking, etc.
Since Health Care is a broader topic, we welcome authors to submit their valuable research article related to Diversity and Equality in Health and Care. As a member of Publisher International Linking Association, PILA, primescholars Group’s DEHC follows the Creative Commons Attribution License and Scholars Open Access publishing policies. Diversity and Equality in Health and Care Journal is the Council Contributor Member for Council of Science Editors (CSE) and follows the CSE’s slogan "Education, Ethics, and Evidence for Editors". Submit manuscript at Online Submission System(or) send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at: manuscripts@primescholars.com. A manuscript number will be e-mailed to the corresponding author within 72 hours. Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement. primescholars Policy Regarding the NIH Mandate. primescholars will support authors by posting the published version of articles by NIH grant-holders and European or UK-based biomedical or life sciences grant holders to PubMed Central immediately after publication.
Editorial Policies and process
Diversity and Equality in Health and Care follows a progressive editorial policy that encourages researchers to submit the original research, reviews and editorial observations as articles, well supported by tables and graphic representation.
Article Processing Charges (APC):
Diversity and Equality in health and Care is self-financed and does not receive funding from any institution/government. Hence, the Journal operates solely through processing charges we receive from the authors and some academic/corporate sponsors. The handling fee is required to meet its maintenance. Being an Open Access Journal, Diversity and Equality in Health and Care does not collect subscription charges from readers that enjoy free online access to the articles. Authors are hence required to pay a fair handling fee for processing their articles. However, there are no submission charges. Authors are required to make payment only after their manuscript has been accepted for publication.
Average Article prorcessing time (APT) is 55 days
The basic article processing fee or manuscript handling cost is as per the price mentioned above on the other hand it may vary based on the extensive editing, colored effects, complex equations, extra elongation of no. of pages of the article, etc.
Fast Editorial Execution and Review Process (FEE-Review Process):
Diversity & Equality in Health and Care is participating in the Fast Editorial Execution and Review Process (FEE-Review Process) with an additional prepayment of $99 apart from the regular article processing fee. Fast Editorial Execution and Review Process is a special service for the article that enables it to get a faster response in the pre-review stage from the handling editor as well as a review from the reviewer. An author can get a faster response of pre-review maximum in 3 days since submission, and a review process by the reviewer maximum in 5 days, followed by revision/publication in 2 days. If the article gets notified for revision by the handling editor, then it will take another 5 days for external review by the previous reviewer or alternative reviewer.
Acceptance of manuscripts is driven entirely by handling editorial team considerations and independent peer-review, ensuring the highest standards are maintained no matter the route to regular peer-reviewed publication or a fast editorial review process. The handling editor and the article contributor are responsible for adhering to scientific standards. The article FEE-Review process of $99 will not be refunded even if the article is rejected or withdrawn for publication.
The corresponding author or institution/organization is responsible for making the manuscript FEE-Review Process payment. The additional FEE-Review Process payment covers the fast review processing and quick editorial decisions, and regular article publication covers the preparation in various formats for online publication, securing full-text inclusion in a number of permanent archives like HTML, XML, and PDF, and feeding to different indexing agencies.
Author Withdrawal Policy
Authors are required to make payment only after their manuscript has been accepted for publication. Authors of accepted peer-reviewed articles have the choice to pay a fee to allow perpetual unrestricted online access to their published article to readers globally, immediately upon publication. Payment must be received in full for the article to be published open access. Article Partial processing charge is also applicable to withdraw or retract the manuscript. The basic article processing fee or manuscript handling cost is as per the price mentioned above on the other hand it may vary based on the extensive editing, colored effects, complex equations, extra elongation of no. of pages of the article, etc.
Check List
Presentation
Each paper should
Submission of an Article
In order to reduce delays, authors should adhere to the level, length and format of the primescholars Journals at every stage of processing right from manuscript submission to each revision stage. Submitted articles should have a 300 words summary/abstract, separate from the main text. The summary should provide a brief account of the work by clearly stating the purpose of the study and the methodology adopted, highlighting major findings briefly. The text may contain a few short subheadings of no more than 40 characters each.
Formats for primescholars Contributions primescholars accepts various formats of literary works such as research articles, reviews, abstracts, addendums, announcements, article- commentaries, book reviews, rapid communications, letters to the editor, annual meeting abstracts, conference proceedings, calendars, case-reports, corrections, discussions, meeting-reports, news, obituaries, orations, product reviews, hypotheses and analyses.
Article Preparation Guidelines
Authors are expected to attach an electronic covering letter completely mentioning the type of manuscript (e.g, Research article, Review articles, Brief Reports, Case study etc.) Unless invited on a special case, authors cannot classify a particular manuscript as Editorials or Letters to the editor or concise communications.
Confirm that each individual named as an author meets the uniform requirements of the Health Science Journal criteria for authorship.
Please make sure that the article submitted for review/publication is not under consideration elsewhere simultaneously. Clearly mention financial support or benefits if any from commercial sources for the work reported in the manuscript, or any other financial interests that any of the authors may have, which could create a potential conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict of interest with regard to the work.
A clear title of the article along with complete details of the author/s (professional/institutional affiliation, educational qualifications and contact information) must be provided in the tile page.
Corresponding author should include address, telephone number, fax number, and e-mail address in the first page of the manuscript and authors must address any conflict of interest with others once the article is published. Number all sheets in succession, including references, tables, and figure legends.
Title page is page 1. On the first page, type the running head (short title for top of each page), title (which cannot include any acronyms), names of the authors and their academic degrees, grants or other financial supporters of the study, address for correspondence and reprint requests, and corresponding author's telephone and fax numbers and e-mail address.
Guidelines for different article types:
1) Research Articles
Research articles are articles written based on the empirical/secondary data collected using a clearly defined research methodology, where conclusion/s is drawn from the analysis of the data collected. The information must be based on original research that adds to the body of knowledge in Health Science. Article/s should provide a critical description or analysis of the data presented while adding new and rapidly evolving areas in the field.
Include an abstract of maximum 300 words with 7 to 10 important keywords. The abstract should be divided into Objective, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. Research articles must adhere to a format constituting the introduction followed by a brief review of relevant literature, methodology applied (to collect the data), discussion and References, Tables, and Figure Legends.
2) Review Articles
Review articles are written based mostly on secondary data that is falling in line with the theme of the journal. They are brief, yet critical discussions on a specific aspect of the subject concerned. Reviews generally start with the statement of the problem with a brief abstract of 300 words and few key words. Introduction generally brings the issue forward to the readers followed by analytical discussion with the help of necessary tables, graphs, pictures and illustrations wherever necessary. It summarizes the topic with a conclusion. All the statements or observations in the review articles must be based on necessary citations, providing complete reference at the end of the article.
3) Commentaries
Commentaries are opinion articles written mostly by the veteran and experienced writers on a specific development, recent innovation or research findings that fall in line with the theme of the journal. They are very brief articles with the title and abstract that provides the gist of the topic to be discussed, with few key words. It straight away states the problems and provides a thorough analysis with the help of the illustrations, graphs and tables if necessary. It summarizes the topic with a brief conclusion, citing the references at the end.
4) Case Study
Case studies are accepted with a view to add additional information related to the investigative research that advances in the field of Health Science.
It should add value to the main content/article submitted, by providing key insights about the core area. Cases reports must be brief and follow a clear format such as Cases and Methods Section (That describe the nature of the clinical issue and the methodology adopt to address it), discussion section that analyzes the case and a Conclusion section that sums up the entire case.
5) Editorials
Editorials are concise commentaries on a currently published article/issue on Health Care. Editorial office may approach for any such works and authors must submit it within three weeks from the date of receiving invitation.
6) Clinical Images
Clinical Images are nothing but photographic depictions of Health Care and it should not exceed more than 5 figures with a description, not exceeding 300 words. Generally no references and citations are required here. If necessary, only three references can be allowed. Do not add separate figure legends to clinical images; the entire clinical image text is the figure legend. Images should be submitted with the manuscript in one of the following formats: .tiff (preferred) or .eps.
7) Letters to the Editor/Concise Communications
Letters to the editor should be limited to commentaries on previous articles published with specific reference to issues and causes related to it. It should be concise, comprehensive and brief reports of cases or research findings. It does not follow a format such as abstract, subheads, or acknowledgments. It is more a response or the opinion of the reader on a particular article published and should reach the editor within 6 months of article publication.
Acknowledgement: This section includes acknowledgment of people, grant details, funds, etc.
References Authors are advised to use the Harvard system. References should be listed alphabetically at the end of the article. If there is more than one reference in any given year for the same author, then list them as 2003a, 2003b, etc, as they appear in the order of the text. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of their references.
1) Journal articles
a) Single author
Hipwell A (2008) ‘We’re not fully aware of their cultural needs’: tutors’ experiences of delivering the Expert Patients Programme to South Asian attendees. Diversity in Health and Social Care 5 (4):45-60.
b) Two/three authors
Greenhalgh T, Collard A and Begum N (2005) Sharing stories: complex intervention for diabetes education in minority ethnic groups who do not speak English. BMJ 330:628–32.
C) Multiple authors (list first three then use et al.)
Griffiths C, Foster G, Ramsay J et al (2007) How effective are expert patient (lay led) education programmes for chronic disease? BMJ334:1254–6.
2) Books
a) Single author/editor
Neilson K (2004) Next Stop Britain: The influence of transnational networks on the secondary movement of Danish Somalis, Sussex Migration Working Paper 22, Sussex: University of Sussex.
b) Two/three authors/editors
Benson J and Thistlethwaite J (2008) Mental Health Across Cultures: a practical guide for health professionals. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing.
c) Multiple authors/editors (list first three then use et al.)
Ngo-Metzger Q, Telfair J, Sorkin DH et al (eds) (2006) Cultural Competency and Quality of Care: obtaining the patient’s perspective. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
d) Chapter in an edited book
Hanson, C., Spross, J. (2005) Clinical and Professional Leadership. In: A. Hamric, A Spross J and Hanson C (eds) Advanced Nursing Practice. An Integrated Approach, 3rd edn, St Louis: Elsevier Saunders, pp 301-329. Cross-referencing should be inserted in parentheses in the text, in full for single or dual authors (Smith and Eades, 2003) but abbreviated (Owen et al, 1999) for multiple authors. Information taken from unpublished papers, personal communications and observations should only be included in the text and not referred to as a formal reference.
Conferences
1. Hofmann T (1999) The Cluster-Abstraction Model: unsupervised learning of topic hierarchies from text data. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
Tables
These should be used at a minimum and designed as simple as possible. We strongly encourage authors to submit tables as .doc format. Tables are to be typed double- spaced throughout, including headings and footnotes. Each table should be on a separate page, numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals and supplied with a heading and a legend. Tables should be self-explanatory without reference to the text. Preferably, the details of the methods used in the experiments should be described in the legend instead of the text. The same data should not be presented in both table and graph form or repeated in the text. Cells can be copied from an Excel spreadsheet and pasted into a word document, but Excel files should not be embedded as objects.
Note: If the submission is in PDF format, the author is requested to retain the same in .doc format in order to aid in completion of process successfully.
Figures
The preferred file formats for photographic images are .doc, TIFF and JPEG. If you have created images with separate components on different layers, please send us the Photoshop files.
All images must be at or above intended display size, with the following image resolutions: Line Art 800 dpi, Combination (Line Art + Halftone) 600 dpi, Halftone 300 dpi. See the Image quality specifications chart for details. Image files also must be cropped as close to the actual image as possible.
Use Arabic numerals to designate figures and upper case letters for their parts (Figure 1). Begin each legend with a title and include sufficient description so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of the manuscript. Information given in legends should not be repeated in the text.
Figure legends: These should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet.
Tables and Equations as Graphics
If equations cannot be encoded in MathML, submit them in TIFF or EPS format as discrete files (i.e., a file containing only the data for one equation). Only when tables cannot be encoded as XML/SGML can they be submitted as graphics. If this method is used, it is critical that the font size in all equations and tables is consistent and legible throughout all submissions.
Supplementary Information
All Supplementary Information (figures, tables and Summary diagram/, etc.) is supplied as a single PDF file, where possible. File size within the permitted limits for Supplementary Information. Images should be a maximum size of 640 x 480 pixels (9 x 6.8 inches at 72 pixels per inch).
Proofs and Reprints
Electronic proofs will be sent as an e-mail attachment to the corresponding author as a PDF file. Page proofs are considered to be the final version of the manuscript and no changes will be made in the manuscript at the proof stage. Authors can freely download the PDF file. Hard copies of the documents are available on request.
Copyright
All works published by primescholars are under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This permits anyone to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
Diversity and Equality in Health and Care peer reviewed international journal with a 16 years record of excellence in publication. The journal embraces topics such as Community Health Nursing,Global Health Fields, Public Health, Health-related Quality of Life, Hispanic Health, National Health Care, Health Library, Health Social Science, Physical Health, Healthcare Informatics, Maternal and Infant Health, Healthcare Information Systems, Determinants of Health, Health Care Use, Population Health Outcomes, Cultural Epidemiology, Mental Health, Female foeticide, Public Health Nursing, Midwifery, Racism, Gender biasing, Nurse practitioners etc.
The journal brings together perspectives from diverse fields to provide a unique platform for sharing good practice and promoting innovative improvements in health and care provision. The journal operates a timely, author-centred review process which is normally completed in eight weeks. Authors are then notified of any modifications requestedAuthors are welcomed to submit their articles related to Health Care Services, Nursing Perspective, Gender diversity, Human Trafficking, etc.
Since Health Care is a broader topic, we welcome authors to submit their valuable research article related to Diversity and Equality in Health and Care. As a member of Publisher International Linking Association, PILA, primescholars Group’s DEHC follows the Creative Commons Attribution License and Scholars Open Access publishing policies. Diversity and Equality in Health and Care Journal is the Council Contributor Member for Council of Science Editors (CSE) and follows the CSE’s slogan "Education, Ethics, and Evidence for Editors". Submit manuscript at Online Submission System(or) send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at: manuscripts@primescholars.com. A manuscript number will be e-mailed to the corresponding author within 72 hours. Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement. primescholars Policy Regarding the NIH Mandate. primescholars will support authors by posting the published version of articles by NIH grant-holders and European or UK-based biomedical or life sciences grant holders to PubMed Central immediately after publication.
Editorial Policies and process
Diversity and Equality in Health and Care follows a progressive editorial policy that encourages researchers to submit the original research, reviews and editorial observations as articles, well supported by tables and graphic representation.
Article Processing Charges (APC):
Diversity and Equality in health and Care is self-financed and does not receive funding from any institution/government. Hence, the Journal operates solely through processing charges we receive from the authors and some academic/corporate sponsors. The handling fee is required to meet its maintenance. Being an Open Access Journal, Diversity and Equality in Health and Care does not collect subscription charges from readers that enjoy free online access to the articles. Authors are hence required to pay a fair handling fee for processing their articles. However, there are no submission charges. Authors are required to make payment only after their manuscript has been accepted for publication.
Average Article prorcessing time (APT) is 55 days
The basic article processing fee or manuscript handling cost is as per the price mentioned above on the other hand it may vary based on the extensive editing, colored effects, complex equations, extra elongation of no. of pages of the article, etc.
Fast Editorial Execution and Review Process (FEE-Review Process):
Diversity & Equality in Health and Care is participating in the Fast Editorial Execution and Review Process (FEE-Review Process) with an additional prepayment of $99 apart from the regular article processing fee. Fast Editorial Execution and Review Process is a special service for the article that enables it to get a faster response in the pre-review stage from the handling editor as well as a review from the reviewer. An author can get a faster response of pre-review maximum in 3 days since submission, and a review process by the reviewer maximum in 5 days, followed by revision/publication in 2 days. If the article gets notified for revision by the handling editor, then it will take another 5 days for external review by the previous reviewer or alternative reviewer.
Acceptance of manuscripts is driven entirely by handling editorial team considerations and independent peer-review, ensuring the highest standards are maintained no matter the route to regular peer-reviewed publication or a fast editorial review process. The handling editor and the article contributor are responsible for adhering to scientific standards. The article FEE-Review process of $99 will not be refunded even if the article is rejected or withdrawn for publication.
The corresponding author or institution/organization is responsible for making the manuscript FEE-Review Process payment. The additional FEE-Review Process payment covers the fast review processing and quick editorial decisions, and regular article publication covers the preparation in various formats for online publication, securing full-text inclusion in a number of permanent archives like HTML, XML, and PDF, and feeding to different indexing agencies.
Author Withdrawal Policy
Authors are required to make payment only after their manuscript has been accepted for publication. Authors of accepted peer-reviewed articles have the choice to pay a fee to allow perpetual unrestricted online access to their published article to readers globally, immediately upon publication. Payment must be received in full for the article to be published open access. Article Partial processing charge is also applicable to withdraw or retract the manuscript. The basic article processing fee or manuscript handling cost is as per the price mentioned above on the other hand it may vary based on the extensive editing, colored effects, complex equations, extra elongation of no. of pages of the article, etc.
Check List
Presentation
Each paper should
Submission of an Article
In order to reduce delays, authors should adhere to the level, length and format of the primescholars Journals at every stage of processing right from manuscript submission to each revision stage. Submitted articles should have a 300 words summary/abstract, separate from the main text. The summary should provide a brief account of the work by clearly stating the purpose of the study and the methodology adopted, highlighting major findings briefly. The text may contain a few short subheadings of no more than 40 characters each.
Formats for primescholars Contributions primescholars accepts various formats of literary works such as research articles, reviews, abstracts, addendums, announcements, article- commentaries, book reviews, rapid communications, letters to the editor, annual meeting abstracts, conference proceedings, calendars, case-reports, corrections, discussions, meeting-reports, news, obituaries, orations, product reviews, hypotheses and analyses.
Article Preparation Guidelines
Authors are expected to attach an electronic covering letter completely mentioning the type of manuscript (e.g, Research article, Review articles, Brief Reports, Case study etc.) Unless invited on a special case, authors cannot classify a particular manuscript as Editorials or Letters to the editor or concise communications.
Confirm that each individual named as an author meets the uniform requirements of the Health Science Journal criteria for authorship.
Please make sure that the article submitted for review/publication is not under consideration elsewhere simultaneously. Clearly mention financial support or benefits if any from commercial sources for the work reported in the manuscript, or any other financial interests that any of the authors may have, which could create a potential conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict of interest with regard to the work.
A clear title of the article along with complete details of the author/s (professional/institutional affiliation, educational qualifications and contact information) must be provided in the tile page.
Corresponding author should include address, telephone number, fax number, and e-mail address in the first page of the manuscript and authors must address any conflict of interest with others once the article is published. Number all sheets in succession, including references, tables, and figure legends.
Title page is page 1. On the first page, type the running head (short title for top of each page), title (which cannot include any acronyms), names of the authors and their academic degrees, grants or other financial supporters of the study, address for correspondence and reprint requests, and corresponding author's telephone and fax numbers and e-mail address.
Guidelines for different article types:
1) Research Articles
Research articles are articles written based on the empirical/secondary data collected using a clearly defined research methodology, where conclusion/s is drawn from the analysis of the data collected. The information must be based on original research that adds to the body of knowledge in Health Science. Article/s should provide a critical description or analysis of the data presented while adding new and rapidly evolving areas in the field.
Include an abstract of maximum 300 words with 7 to 10 important keywords. The abstract should be divided into Objective, Methods, Results, and Conclusion. Research articles must adhere to a format constituting the introduction followed by a brief review of relevant literature, methodology applied (to collect the data), discussion and References, Tables, and Figure Legends.
2) Review Articles
Review articles are written based mostly on secondary data that is falling in line with the theme of the journal. They are brief, yet critical discussions on a specific aspect of the subject concerned. Reviews generally start with the statement of the problem with a brief abstract of 300 words and few key words. Introduction generally brings the issue forward to the readers followed by analytical discussion with the help of necessary tables, graphs, pictures and illustrations wherever necessary. It summarizes the topic with a conclusion. All the statements or observations in the review articles must be based on necessary citations, providing complete reference at the end of the article.
3) Commentaries
Commentaries are opinion articles written mostly by the veteran and experienced writers on a specific development, recent innovation or research findings that fall in line with the theme of the journal. They are very brief articles with the title and abstract that provides the gist of the topic to be discussed, with few key words. It straight away states the problems and provides a thorough analysis with the help of the illustrations, graphs and tables if necessary. It summarizes the topic with a brief conclusion, citing the references at the end.
4) Case Study
Case studies are accepted with a view to add additional information related to the investigative research that advances in the field of Health Science.
It should add value to the main content/article submitted, by providing key insights about the core area. Cases reports must be brief and follow a clear format such as Cases and Methods Section (That describe the nature of the clinical issue and the methodology adopt to address it), discussion section that analyzes the case and a Conclusion section that sums up the entire case.
5) Editorials
Editorials are concise commentaries on a currently published article/issue on Health Care. Editorial office may approach for any such works and authors must submit it within three weeks from the date of receiving invitation.
6) Clinical Images
Clinical Images are nothing but photographic depictions of Health Care and it should not exceed more than 5 figures with a description, not exceeding 300 words. Generally no references and citations are required here. If necessary, only three references can be allowed. Do not add separate figure legends to clinical images; the entire clinical image text is the figure legend. Images should be submitted with the manuscript in one of the following formats: .tiff (preferred) or .eps.
7) Letters to the Editor/Concise Communications
Letters to the editor should be limited to commentaries on previous articles published with specific reference to issues and causes related to it. It should be concise, comprehensive and brief reports of cases or research findings. It does not follow a format such as abstract, subheads, or acknowledgments. It is more a response or the opinion of the reader on a particular article published and should reach the editor within 6 months of article publication.
Acknowledgement: This section includes acknowledgment of people, grant details, funds, etc.
References Authors are advised to use the Harvard system. References should be listed alphabetically at the end of the article. If there is more than one reference in any given year for the same author, then list them as 2003a, 2003b, etc, as they appear in the order of the text. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of their references.
1) Journal articles
a) Single author
Hipwell A (2008) ‘We’re not fully aware of their cultural needs’: tutors’ experiences of delivering the Expert Patients Programme to South Asian attendees. Diversity in Health and Social Care 5 (4):45-60.
b) Two/three authors
Greenhalgh T, Collard A and Begum N (2005) Sharing stories: complex intervention for diabetes education in minority ethnic groups who do not speak English. BMJ 330:628–32.
C) Multiple authors (list first three then use et al.)
Griffiths C, Foster G, Ramsay J et al (2007) How effective are expert patient (lay led) education programmes for chronic disease? BMJ334:1254–6.
2) Books
a) Single author/editor
Neilson K (2004) Next Stop Britain: The influence of transnational networks on the secondary movement of Danish Somalis, Sussex Migration Working Paper 22, Sussex: University of Sussex.
b) Two/three authors/editors
Benson J and Thistlethwaite J (2008) Mental Health Across Cultures: a practical guide for health professionals. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing.
c) Multiple authors/editors (list first three then use et al.)
Ngo-Metzger Q, Telfair J, Sorkin DH et al (eds) (2006) Cultural Competency and Quality of Care: obtaining the patient’s perspective. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.
d) Chapter in an edited book
Hanson, C., Spross, J. (2005) Clinical and Professional Leadership. In: A. Hamric, A Spross J and Hanson C (eds) Advanced Nursing Practice. An Integrated Approach, 3rd edn, St Louis: Elsevier Saunders, pp 301-329. Cross-referencing should be inserted in parentheses in the text, in full for single or dual authors (Smith and Eades, 2003) but abbreviated (Owen et al, 1999) for multiple authors. Information taken from unpublished papers, personal communications and observations should only be included in the text and not referred to as a formal reference.
Conferences
1. Hofmann T (1999) The Cluster-Abstraction Model: unsupervised learning of topic hierarchies from text data. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
Tables
These should be used at a minimum and designed as simple as possible. We strongly encourage authors to submit tables as .doc format. Tables are to be typed double- spaced throughout, including headings and footnotes. Each table should be on a separate page, numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals and supplied with a heading and a legend. Tables should be self-explanatory without reference to the text. Preferably, the details of the methods used in the experiments should be described in the legend instead of the text. The same data should not be presented in both table and graph form or repeated in the text. Cells can be copied from an Excel spreadsheet and pasted into a word document, but Excel files should not be embedded as objects.
Note: If the submission is in PDF format, the author is requested to retain the same in .doc format in order to aid in completion of process successfully.
Figures
The preferred file formats for photographic images are .doc, TIFF and JPEG. If you have created images with separate components on different layers, please send us the Photoshop files.
All images must be at or above intended display size, with the following image resolutions: Line Art 800 dpi, Combination (Line Art + Halftone) 600 dpi, Halftone 300 dpi. See the Image quality specifications chart for details. Image files also must be cropped as close to the actual image as possible.
Use Arabic numerals to designate figures and upper case letters for their parts (Figure 1). Begin each legend with a title and include sufficient description so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of the manuscript. Information given in legends should not be repeated in the text.
Figure legends: These should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet.
Tables and Equations as Graphics
If equations cannot be encoded in MathML, submit them in TIFF or EPS format as discrete files (i.e., a file containing only the data for one equation). Only when tables cannot be encoded as XML/SGML can they be submitted as graphics. If this method is used, it is critical that the font size in all equations and tables is consistent and legible throughout all submissions.
Supplementary Information
All Supplementary Information (figures, tables and Summary diagram/, etc.) is supplied as a single PDF file, where possible. File size within the permitted limits for Supplementary Information. Images should be a maximum size of 640 x 480 pixels (9 x 6.8 inches at 72 pixels per inch).
Proofs and Reprints
Electronic proofs will be sent as an e-mail attachment to the corresponding author as a PDF file. Page proofs are considered to be the final version of the manuscript and no changes will be made in the manuscript at the proof stage. Authors can freely download the PDF file. Hard copies of the documents are available on request.
Copyright
All works published by primescholars are under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. This permits anyone to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
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