Michael Ioelovich
Designer Energy Ltd, Israel
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Trends in Green chem
Nowadays the main energy sources (over 80%) are fossil fuels, namely coal, petroleum and natural gas. The increased use of the fossil fuels is causing acute environmental problems, since emission of carbon dioxide in the volume of 1500- 2000 m3 per 1 ton of fuel, triggering the greenhouse effect and global warming of the Earth. Therefore, in recent years, a considerable attention is paid to the production of the green energy from plant biomass, which in contrast to fossil energy sources is neutral for emission of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the biomass is continuously renewed in the nature as a result of the photosynthesis. Various biomass types involve residues of forest and agricultural plants; residues and waste of textile, pulp and paper industry; municipal paper waste; special energy crops; etc. The total amount of such biomass type that is accumulated annually in the world is estimated to be 10-15 billion tons at least. Currently, the share of biomass-based energy is about 10-12% in the world. The complete use of all energetic potential of non-edible plant biomass can increase the share of the green energy to 30-33% in the world energy consumption. It is known that the plant biomass is a composition of three main biopolymers â�� cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as small admixtures of some other components such as protein, pectin, starch, rosin acids, waxes, fats, minerals, etc. Thus, to obtain the net combustion heat of the biomass sample (q), a net heating value (qi) of the individual component and its weight part (wi) in the biomass should be summarized: q = �£wi qi. On the other hand, a quite precise equation can be derived for calculating the net heating value of the individual component with a low relative deviation up to 1%.
Email: bd895892@zahav.net.il
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