International Journal of Applied Science - Research and Review Open Access

High malaria transmission sustained by Anopheles gambiae s.l. and status of kdr resistance mutation of Plasmodium falciparum infected specimens in the city of Yaounde Cameroon

EuroSciCon Joint Events on Plant Science, Tissue Engineering and Parasitology

December 03-04, 2018 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Doumbe-Belisse P, Ngadjeu C S, Talipouo A, Djamouko- Djonkam L, Kopya E, Bamou R, Sonhafouo-Chiana N,Wondji C, Awono-Ambene P, Njiokou F and Antonio- Nkondjio C

Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme-OCEAC, Cameroon University of Yaound�©, Cameroon University of Dschang, Cameroon University of Buea, Cameroon Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Int J Appl Sci Res Rev

Abstract:

Urban malaria is becoming a major public health problem in Cameroon. In the frame of a larval control study due to be implemented in the city of Yaoundé, we conducted baseline surveys to assess malaria transmission dynamic in this city. Adult mosquitoes were collected indoor and outdoor using light traps of Center of Diseases Control and Human Landing Catches from Mar’ 2017 to Mar’ 2018 in 30 districts of the city. Mosquitoes were sorted by genus and identify up to the species level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TaqMan Plasmodium infection and ELISA CSP analysis were used to determine mosquito infection status. The detection of Knock down resistance (kdr) mutation was carried out on infected and non-infected An. gambiae s.l. using DNA-based molecular technique. A total of 218,991 mosquitoes were collected. The main malaria vectors were An. gambiae s.l. (n=6154) and An. funestus s.l. (n=229). PCR results (n=1622) revealed that 92.29% An. coluzzii and 7.71% An. gambiae s.s. constituted An. gambiae s.l. Amongst the 186 An. funestus s.l. analysed by PCR, 93.51% belonged to An. funestus s.s. and 2.16% to An. leesoni. The average biting rate of An. gambiae s.l. was higher outdoor than indoor (P=0.013). Seasonal variation in mosquito abundance and biting rate was recorded as well as variation according to districts. Furthermore, the P. falciparum infection rate was 2.15% and the annual entomological infection rate was estimated at 80.49 infective bites. There was no significant difference between the resistance allele frequencies of infected and non-infected females (P=0.49). Thus, the susceptibility of An. gambiae s.l. to P. falciparum was not affect by the presence of the resistance alleles at the kdr locus. The results provide evidence of increasing outdoor malaria risk in the city of Yaoundé and call for more actions to improve control strategies in this city.

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