Genomic biomarkers are variants in the DNA code that alone or in combination are associated with disease susceptibility, disease expression, and disease outcome, including therapeutic responses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; DNA sequence variation when a single nucleotide in the genome sequence is altered) have been evaluated extensively in relation to CVD. The 2 classic complementary approaches used for relating genetic sequence variation to CVD risk are the linkage approach and the association strategy.
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