Faiza Nadeem* and Sajid Ali
Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a common type of age related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration and death. The disease can be categorize into three major types, all which share the same symptoms of progressive cognitive impairment, memory loss, and behavioral changes, as well as the same brain pathology of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. The age at which each type of Alzheimer’s disease develops is the key factor that distinguishes it from the others. The APOE genotype is the most significant risk factor for late onset Alzheimer’s disease, as it encodes an Apo lipoprotein called apolipoprotein E. The E-gene has three different forms or alleles. The causes of the disease are not fully understood, but both genetics and environmental factors that are believed to play a role. Despite multiple theories explaining the causes of Alzheimer’s disease, research is ongoing as there are few available treatments. Scientists are searching for chemicals that can alter the activity of specific proteins to develop new drugs, as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which block the function of any enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, are the most commonly used therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. These medications increase acetylcholine levels in brain, which are believe to improve normal cognition and memory.
Methods and findings: We take four keywords ‘Alzheimer’s disease’, ‘apolipoprotein’, ‘amyloid plaques’, and ‘neurofibrillary tau tangles’. Four journals that are included namely pubmed, nature, wiley and springer, after that search out our articles by the keywords and then apply filter of date 2019 to 2022, and subject related neuroscience and article type was research articles and case study or clinical trials.
The including criteria was to find that article, which comprised on four keywords and apolipoprotein E4 and its associated risk to trigger Alzheimer’s disease. While, the exclusion criterion was that, if the research article is not authentic to our related article and research, so we excluded and not included in our table.
Conclusion: Although there is currently no known cure for dementia, it is more crucial to lower exposure, offer preventative measures, and precisely evaluate abnormalities. According to the research review, numerous attempts are made to identify dementia using different algorithms based on micro-simulation strategies nevertheless; it is still difficult to uncover specific features that are capable of recognizing dementia quite earlier. In order to increase the accuracy of recognition techniques, future research will concentrate on the gathering and analysing of new traits that are more likely to help in identifying indicators of dementia as well as on the removal of duplicate or unnecessary characteristics from previous set of characteristics.
Published Date: 2023-08-02; Received Date: 2023-05-26
